The scourge of modern society ... Lack of work for most people is tantamount to a personal and social crisis. And the problem concerns not only young people and not only older able-bodied citizens. The fight against unemployment for most states is a priority, on the successful solution of which depends on the welfare of society as a whole.
Fortunately, both politicians and sociologists realize that it is better to deal with causes than to cope with the consequences. If the fight against unemployment is ineffective, this phenomenon is an avalanche of pulling all kinds of crisis situations. However, how can a state, which itself is trying to solve the problem of excessive overblownness of the bureaucratic apparatus, reduce all kinds of budget payments, can cope with the task? At first glance, it seems that the best ways to combat unemployment are to finance and support those who cannot find a job. In fact - and this is clearly seen in the example of developed European states - such a policy only strengthens the layer that prefers to live off budgetary benefits and not take any drastic measures to improve its life situation.
What are the reasons for the lack of jobs? Firstly, the reduction in production. Therefore, the fight against unemployment should be aimed at the restoration or retraining of those enterprises that are unable to independently create a profit. First of all, we are talking about the former state property.
Secondly, the labor market is largely dependent on the immigration climate in the country. That is why government policies to combat unemployment are often closely linked to restrictions for visitors. Just as Russians and Ukrainians go to the West in search of a better share, so Central Asians come to Russia to earn money. Of course, it cannot be said that only immigrants take away jobs from the local population. However, in the conditions of fierce competition, entrepreneurs seek to reduce the cost of production, primarily due to hired employees. And immigrants are an ideal inexpensive labor force.
The next step towards improving the efficiency of employment services and public policy should be activities aimed at revitalizing the population. Most of all, help is needed for people with low or highly specialized qualifications. The fight against unemployment in this case should be aimed at obtaining additional knowledge, skills. Public employment services can also help create and develop their own business, provide subsidies.
Finally, there are several groups of people who, due to their age or psychological characteristics, cannot find application for their own strengths and capabilities. For them, the best solution that the fight against unemployment can provide is counseling, personal growth trainings. After all, after numerous failures, their self-esteem falls, faith in their own strength decreases. The so-called phenomenon of learned helplessness is developing, and entrepreneurs are not ready to hire long-term unemployed. Those who need special state assistance, not always financial or intermediary, include people under 25 and over 50 years old, single parents, citizens without qualifications or secondary education, women returning to the labor market after maternity leave, released from prison , people with disabilities and people with disabilities.
In a number of countries, the fight against unemployment also consists in the commercialization of public employment services or outsourcing of mediation in employment. An important advantage of this approach is the introduction of strong economic incentives to increase the efficiency of services.
An interesting solution is to attract volunteers from among professionally successful individuals to work with the unemployed population. Unemployed from dysfunctional families can consult with mentors on issues related to finding a job, self-presentation, career growth. The mentoring program does not require almost any costs - after all, volunteers do not receive remuneration for their activities. But thanks to this decision, the fight against unemployment also takes on a different angle - the creation and strengthening of social capital, relations between people of different layers and groups.