The construction of any private house is not complete without the installation of utilities. In particular, we are talking about a sewer system. When installing it, one must not forget about the device of the fan riser . Next, consider what it is and why this device is needed. The article will also provide a brief installation instruction for the riser, expert recommendations, regulatory requirements, as well as an alternative and the most common errors in the work.
Appointment
A fan riser in a private house is part of a pipe extending from a central sewer riser. She goes outside the building and removes unpleasant odors from the house. The absence of this element leads to a violation of the water seal. As a result, an unpleasant odor appears in the room. Cleaning the sewer in such cases will not help get rid of it.
Each plumbing fixture has a discharge pipe with a bend. In the bend is water, acting as a water seal. It prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room. When discharge is discharged, discharge occurs. Through the fan riser , air enters from the street, which ensures the normalization of pressure. Due to this, odors do not penetrate the room.
Do you always need a fun boner ? Without this device, you can do in small buildings with one bathroom. If the house has 2 toilets or 2 bathrooms, a fan riser is required.
Important factors
A fan riser is equipped if:
- The building is two-story, and on each floor there is a bathroom.
- The diameter of the sewage drain is 50 mm.
- An adjacent pool or other facility is equipped for which a regular large volume of water discharge is required.
- The house has a sealed sewer with a septic tank.
Development of an installation plan
In order to correctly install the fan pipe for sewage , it is necessary to take into account the following factors at the design stage:
- The pipe should go in the direction in which the vapor is removed due to air flows.
- The pipe outlet is carried out to the ventilation duct. If this is not possible, installation is carried out through the wall.
Items
Ventilation sewer riser includes:
- Pipes.
- Ventilation ducts.
- Fitting.
- Connecting elements.
Installation principles
How to install a fun house riser ? It should be said right away that installation planning must be carried out simultaneously with the design of the internal sewage system. To increase the efficiency of the riser, it is necessary to avoid a large number of angles and bends.
The ideal position of the drain pipe for sewage is strictly vertical. It is displayed through the floor to the attic and then to the roof. But in practice, unfortunately, it is far from always possible to implement such a project.
Usually in private homes, additional connecting elements are used. For example, an auxiliary pipe can be connected to the main fan riser , a separate pipe can be output at the same distance from the sewer risers, etc.
The key task at the stage of system design is the correct calculation of the diameter of the pipe for removal. It cannot be larger than the size of the sewer pipe (110 mm). Ideally, the diameter should correspond to the size of both the central riser and the pipe connecting the internal and external parts of the system.
When designing, special attention should be paid to the location of the riser. It should not be near the climate equipment, as well as the discharge of combustion products of the boiler.
Recommendations
Installing a fan riser is not particularly difficult. However, some nuances should be considered.
For central sewage, it is advisable to use a 110 mm pipe . The same diameter should be at the vent riser. Commonly used plastic pipes. If the system consists of elements made of different materials (for example, a plastic riser, and a cast-iron drainage), rubber adapters should be used.
For connecting several risers, angles of 45 or 135 degrees are used. Sections located horizontally should be laid with a slight slope (0.02%) towards the outlet of the drain. If you need to change the angle, a special bend is used with a turn of 135 degrees.
Fixture Replacement
The need to replace a fan riser or a separate part of it may be due to various reasons. For example, some owners during major repairs update all engineering systems in the house.
Replacement of the riser is carried out according to the same principle as the repair of sewers. In this case, a number of conditions must be observed:
- During work in the room, ventilation (ventilation) should be arranged .
- Replacement of elements is carried out in a respirator and gloves (rubber).
- Upon completion of work, it is necessary to check the tightness of the joints.
If necessary, along with the replacement of the riser, you can also clean the sewer .
Regulatory requirements
There are several indicators that should be considered when installing a fan riser:
- When withdrawing part of the pipe to the roof, the distance to the roof should be at least 30 cm.
- If the house has an attic (attic), the length of the riser is at least 3 m.
- A distance of 4 m should be maintained between the pipe and the loggia or window opening.
- The fan riser should be installed in a heated room. If this is difficult, the pipe must be insulated.
- The chimney cannot be removed through the chimney.
- Protective elements from birds, insects and rainfall are mounted on the outside of the pipe on the top of the pipe.
Common mistakes
Despite the relative ease of installation of the fan system, there are a number of rules, the violation of which can lead to negative consequences.
For example, some owners of private houses cut a pipe in the attic. As a result, unpleasant odors begin to fill it (or the attic), and subsequently penetrate the house. Accordingly, the system device loses all meaning.
Another mistake is installing the pipe along the outer wall. In this case, condensation is highly likely.
Some homeowners install an additional device - a roofing aerator. It provides improved traction. Meanwhile, the installation of this element is not always advisable. As a rule, the outflow of sewer fumes slows down. As a result, again unpleasant odors begin to penetrate the premises.
Alternative option
The vacuum valve of the fan pipe acts as it. It is mounted on the end of the riser directly in the house.
The valve is a small device made in the form of an end cap. Under a certain pressure, it passes air into the sewage system, but does not release it back. At first glance, this is a fairly effective solution to the problem. However, there are several important nuances.
The diameter of the air inlet openings is actually several times smaller than the size of the riser. Immediately there are doubts about the effectiveness of the device. As practice shows, in an apartment building with a sufficiently high load on the sewer system, one such device is not enough - at least a few are needed. Accordingly, it is necessary to allocate enough space for installing at least 4-5 valves.
Another problem lurks in the design of the device. The valve will be effective if the gasket inside it is located strictly horizontally. Even with slight distortion, the valve will jam in some position (closed or open). In any case, this will entail unpleasant consequences.
Valve operating principle
Inside the device is a special spring with little resistance. Tightness is ensured by a rubber gasket. The principle of operation of the vacuum valve is as follows:
- Sewerage flows through the riser and provide a vacuum in the system.
- The valve shutter opens.
- Air is drawn from the siphon and passes into the sewer network. Due to this, vacuum is extinguished.
- After the pressure has stabilized, the spring mechanism begins to act. Due to it, the shutter is closed, and air does not enter the room.
What should I look for?
It should be said that the installation of a vacuum valve cannot be called a full-fledged alternative to a fan riser. The fact is that the device is quickly clogged. When the siphon dries, the gas removal efficiency is significantly reduced.
If it is not possible to install the check valve on the riser, it can be mounted on another horizontal part of the pipe suitable for the riser.
SNiP
The problem of unpleasant odors in the room arises not only in the absence of a fan riser. Of great importance is the quality of plumbing equipment. When choosing it, it is necessary to check the presence of a hydraulic shutter. Modern equipment in most cases is equipped with this device. However, there are models without it.
In addition, the RF has a special regulatory document SNiP. It provides factors for which the installation of fan risers is mandatory.
Consequences of missing or improper installation
In simple words, a fan riser is ventilation. Its key task is to ensure the flow of air into the sewer system. This, in turn, provides the ability of the drain to quickly cope with the movement of the volume and eliminate unpleasant odors.
In apartment buildings, you can’t do without a funnel riser. Housing and utilities employees are very negative about any work affecting this part of the sewer system, even if the owner of the housing wants to install a vacuum valve instead of a pipe. We have already examined the disadvantages of such a device. Do not insist on and redo the system. Otherwise, serious problems will arise. They ruin the life of all neighbors whose apartments are located along this riser. Bad smell will spread very quickly.
Especially dangerous situations are when a stub is put on a fan riser. In this case, an unpleasant smell will definitely go to the apartments, since he has nowhere else to go. It will penetrate into the premises through nozzles and pipe parts suitable for plumbing equipment, sinks.
Often the situation is aggravated by the fact that flushing in the toilet entails the discharge of a large amount of water into the system. It, acting like a piston, draws air behind it. As a result, pressure is disturbed. To stabilize it begins the absorption of water gates from siphons of sinks, bathtubs, sinks in the kitchen. In the absence of water in the knees, unpleasant odors freely penetrate the premises.
Another problem is the clogging of the sewer network. Frequent pollution is the result of a lack of full air flow. The system will cease to cope with its functions, and the owner of the room will have a very frequent cleaning of the sewer.
Tip
The owner of a private house, of course, does not experience the restrictions that burden residents of apartment buildings. He can choose whether to install a fan pipe or not, whether to use vacuum valves instead. However, not all owners of private houses possess the necessary skills and have the necessary tools at their disposal.
To prevent possible problems, it is advisable to entrust the installation of a riser, and best of all, the sewer system to professionals. Specialists will develop a project taking into account the wishes of the customer and the features of the structure. In addition, they will choose the most suitable materials for the installation of the system.
Installation, of course, can be done independently. In this case, it is advisable to consult with friends who have already installed the system. If plastic elements will be used, then one person will quite cope with the installation. The weight of pipes, even long ones, is quite small. To install cast-iron elements, you will have to use someone else's help. In this case, the installation can be done together.
Conclusion
The sewage system is considered one of the main engineering networks in the house. Its effective functioning ensures comfortable living regardless of the time of year.
It should be said that the installation of the sewer system can be carried out using not only plastic, but also cast-iron pipes. They are used, as a rule, in areas with severe climatic conditions. In regions with a milder climate, it is more advisable to use plastic pipes. If necessary, they can be insulated with any suitable material. In construction stores a wide range of different heaters is presented. The most common material for protecting pipes is mineral wool. When using insulation, it is important to provide protection against wetting.
When installing a fan riser, it is important to comply with the standards established by SNiP. The pipe next to the window will not look very aesthetically pleasing. In addition, the farther it is from the opening, the less likely it is that odors will enter the room.
After installing the riser, it is necessary to periodically check its condition. As practice shows, plastic pipes last quite a long time, but there is always a chance of clogging. Checking can be done pretty quickly. The whole system is collapsible, you can easily disconnect the elements.