Today we will talk about LII them. Gromova. We will talk about what this institution is, a little plunge into its history, and also learn about the most significant incidents. Read all this in the article below.
What is it about?
LII them. Gromova is a scientific organization located in Russia. The purpose of her activity is to study methods for ensuring aviation safety, the operational manufacturability of aircraft and their power plants, and attacking a number of other elements that are part of the aviation system. The main objective of a scientific organization is experimental aviation.
The beginning of the story
The growth of interest in aviation and aircraft construction began to vigorously begin to fail only in the 1930s. This marked the beginning of large-scale construction. On the Moscow-Kazan railway, or rather near the platform called "Rest", began to build TsAGI - Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. Zhukovsky. In parallel with this, the construction of the village of Stakhanovo (however, it received this name only in 1938) and the Ramenskoye test aerodrome. By the way, since 1947, the village of Stakhanovo became the city of Zhukovsky. In the spring of 1941, according to the instructions of senior management, a flight research institute was opened on the basis of the key divisions of TsAGI. The first director of the organization was Mikhail Gromov - TsAGI pilot-pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union.
Years of war
When the Great Patriotic War began, the Gomel Long-Range Aviation Division was located on the site of the Ramenskoye airfield. Departures to enemy territory, to the very depths of the terrain, took place regularly. LII them. Gromov decided to evacuate to Novosibirsk and Kazan.
Post-war development
Shortly after the war, the usual activities of a scientific organization recovered. In 1947, at the request of Director M. Gromov, a decision was made to create a Test Pilot School. This idea quickly became a reality, and the school showed the upper class in the training of professional personnel. Over 40 years of activity, about 400 pilots were trained here. At the same time, 48 of them are heroes of the Soviet Union, and 4 are laureates of the State Prize.
In the late 40s. the scope of research has increased. Refueling in the air has become a pressing issue for long-range aviation. The “hose-cone” system was popular. At the same time, the LII is engaged in the search for optimal flight modes, taking into account the refueling of various aircraft. Flying laboratories are being actively created, the basis for which were the Tu-22, Il-76, Su-7B, An-12 aircraft, etc.
In 1979, a group of test pilots was formed to work on the Buran spacecraft. A group of professionals copes with their task.
Since 1992, air shows have been actively held, the participants of which are various aviation companies from abroad.
In 2012, LII them. Gromova from FSUE became OJSC. All 100% of the shares of the scientific organization were included in the authorized capital of United Aircraft Corporation.
Incidents
Over the entire period of its existence, experimental aviation has repeatedly failed. However, this did not stop stubborn researchers and brave pilots. But some incidents are worth mentioning.
In March 1986, test pilot Rimantas Stankevicius did not get out of the tailspin while performing a test flight. The reason for this was a factory error made during the assembly of the aircraft. The pilot managed to successfully eject.
In August 1991, in preparation for Aviation Day, a pair of piloting was practiced. Gennady Belous, having fallen at a low altitude, fell into one of the courtyards of the village of Sof'ino. The pilot failed to escape.
In the summer of 1992, while preparing for the MoskAeroShow, while working out the carousel figure, Viktor Zabolotsky activated the emergency escape system. The plane crashed on the runway, and the pilot safely ejected.
In August 1997, the tail of the aircraft collapsed during a test on the controllability of a training aircraft. The brave pilot Roman Taskaev successfully landed an uncontrolled aircraft, refusing to eject.
On September 12, 2001, steering failed and the aircraft became uncontrollable. This happened during the next flight as part of the certification test program. Pilot Oleg Shchepetkov successfully left the plane, while pilot Alexander Beschastnov died while trying to take the plane away from residential buildings. He was awarded the posthumous title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
In August 2009, there was a collision of two aircraft during preparation for the MAKS. The first plane crashed into a holiday village, and the second one crashed into a field. The pilot of the first plane died, the pilots of the second plane ejected, but one of them did not fire a parachute ...
Interesting Facts
Main runway LII them. Gromova has a length of 5.5 km. It is recognized as the longest in Europe. At the same time, the concreted area covers an area of 2.5 million m 2 .
The Buran spacecraft was supposed to land on the runway LII, but another place was chosen. At the same time, life-size testing of spacecraft technology on aerodynamic models took place here.
Since 1992, exhibitions are annually held here. For odd years, once every two years, the International Aviation and Space Salon MAKS is held here.
OJSC LII Gromova, in addition to studying test aircraft, also serves as a cargo airfield. Here is the aircraft of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
The research institute includes a scientific center and the Ramenskoye airfield. Both objects are located in the Moscow region, in the city of Zhukovsky.
Anyone who wants to visit the LII them. Gromov, the address is: Moscow region, Zhukovsky, Garnayev street, 2A.
In conclusion, we say that the scientific organization discussed above still remains an important object in the country's aviation support system. From the moment of its foundation to the present day, the LII named after Gromova sets the bar that everyone else wants to achieve. Separately, it should be said about the enormous contribution that LII makes to the development of national aviation.