Pear is a rare guest in Siberian gardens. There are several reasons for this: firstly, the tree is characterized by low winter hardiness and lack of early maturity, and secondly, in regions with a cool summer, you can’t wait for the harvest at all. But do not think that in Siberia it is impossible to grow fragrant and sweet fruits! Today we will talk about which varieties of pears for Siberia to choose, consider the features of caring for them and talk about the most common mistakes of beginning gardeners!
Perun
This variety fits optimally even in harsh climatic conditions. Brought him in the Barnaul experimental gardens of the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture in Siberia. To create, breeders used the Dekanka variety winter and hybrid variety No. 10821, the “parents” of which were the Bergamotnaya and Granddaughter pears. Despite its name, this pear variety for Siberia has nothing to do with Slavic mythology and the thunder god. Just I. A. Puchkin, who led the group of breeders, was fond of religion and history of the Slavs. Such a reverent attitude to ancient legends resulted in the names of varieties bred by scientists.
The pear tree of this variety is medium-sized, the crown is sprawling, rounded. Leaves are smooth, saturated green. The weight of the fruits of the pear Perun can reach 145 g. By the way, the fruits are not equal, their skin is soft, oily. The pulp of the fruit is not very dense, white. The taste is pleasant, sweet and sour. Pears ripen in mid-October. They are suitable for fresh consumption, as well as for the preparation of marmalade, jam, compote and jelly. Pear fruit can be stored in the refrigerator - they will not lose their taste until January!
Among the advantages of Perun, its resistance to fungal diseases can be noted. Many pests are not afraid of him. But rodents can ruin a pear. To protect the tree, you need to wrap the stump and skeletal branches with dense material at hand.
Care Rules
Pear Perun does not like drafts, nearby groundwater. But most importantly - the tree should receive a sufficient amount of sunlight! This variety has special requirements for soil. The best option is chernozem, loam or sandy loam soil.
In the first year after planting, the pear Perun grows slowly, and therefore does not need pruning. Starting from the third year, it is necessary to regularly prune the fruit tree, removing dry and diseased branches. The angle when cropping should be straight. Gardeners recommend rejuvenating a pear from the bottom up. After the process is completed, the slices should be treated with garden varieties - you can buy it in a specialized store, or you can do it yourself. You can replace the garden var with oil-based paint.
Svarog
Another variety tested by Siberia is the pear Svarog. Like the variety Perun, Svarog was bred by a group of breeders led by I. A. Puchkov at the Siberian Research Institute of Gardening .
Svarog variety has many advantages:
- it easily tolerates frosts up to -30 ° C;
- resistant to pathogenic fungi;
- the fruits have time to ripen until the first cold weather;
- pears can be stored for about three months.
But not everything is so rosy! If you do not follow the rules for caring for the Svarog pear, the tree may cease to bear fruit or die!
The appearance of this variety depends on the place of growth and soil composition. So, pear leaves can have a loosestrife, pagan form, and may even resemble birch. The bark of this pear variety for Siberia is brown, flaky. The weight of the fruit is usually about 80 g, the skin is coarse, matte. Full ripening of fruits occurs in early October. The pulp is juicy, different in cream color.
How to plant and care?
The first thing you need to pay attention to is the choice of location. It is best to plant the Svarog pear in a warm, sheltered from the wind site. Gardeners recommend giving preference to seedlings with a developed root system. Before planting, remove damaged roots. It is very important to prepare a support peg to which the trunk of a young tree will be attached!
Fertilize the pear every year. Organic and phosphorus-potassium compounds are suitable as top dressing.
Bacteriosis pear of this variety is practically not terrible. However, it is prone to attack by pests. From the common aphid will help the solution "Karbofos". Nitrofen will help protect the tree from the weevil beetle. At the same time, it is important to burn the affected leaves - in them the weevil organizes clutches.
Lel
Among the pears for the Urals and Siberia is the grade Lel. I. A. Puchkin took part in its creation. Lel is characterized by high resistance to disease and frost. The fruits have a spicy sweet and sour taste, their weight reaches 100 g. Pears ripen in the second half of August, and they can be stored for no more than two weeks. Ripe fruits are very juicy, tender, semi-oily. With a competent approach to growing Lel pears, you can get more than 25 kg from one tree!
Lel pear: care description
Obtaining a quality crop depends on compliance with all growing technologies and timely measures related to the control of diseases and pests. This variety is terrified of black cancer, stem rot, rust, powdery mildew, maniliosis. Damage to the pear and plant parasites - pear mite, codling moth, green aphid.
Preventive measures will help preserve the plant. For example, three times a season it is necessary to spray the pear: the first Kinmix treatment is carried out in the spring, after the tree is awakened, Agravertin should treat the Lel pear before flowering, and when the ovaries appear on the tree, it is recommended to use the Iskra preparation.
Good protection against pests and diseases is non-chemical means. You can spray all varieties of pears for Siberia with dandelion decoctions, in which garlic and laundry soap are added. Every autumn, a pear tree needs to be pruned and removed from the remaining leaves. This will prevent the spread of insects and avoid diseases.
In early spring, experienced gardeners recommend whitewashing trunks. This will protect the bark from sunburn. In addition, this method will allow to destroy part of the parasites wintering under the bark.
Northerner
One of the most popular varieties grown in Siberia, pear Severyanka. The characteristics include earlier fruiting, high productivity and winter hardiness. The well-known breeder P.N. Yakovlev. Parent couple - pears Koperechka No. 12 and Klappa's Favorite. It was from them that Severyanka inherited a dense creamy pulp, delicate aroma and intolerant sour taste. The fruits are not stored for long - about two weeks.
This variety can be attributed to one of the most winter-hardy. For example, in Ufa, a case was recorded when, when cooling to -50 ° C, only young pears of the Sevyanka variety were frozen. It is also known that with a prolonged decrease in temperature to -42 ° C, the aboveground part of the trees died, but the plant was quickly restored.
Care Features
Experienced gardeners assure - from one tree you can collect about 100 kg of juicy fruits! To do this, provide the Severyanka with proper care. When choosing a place for planting, it is best to stay in a sunny area, protected from drafts. At the bottom of the landing pit, humus and manure should be laid out.
The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting the pear. In the event that there are no skeletal branches, a single shoot is worth trimming. It is best to do this at an altitude of about 80 cm above the ground, while maintaining at least three developed kidneys. In order for the young plant not to die, in the first two to three years it is necessary to warm it for the winter.
The first fertilizer should be carried out in the second year of life of the Severyanka. This pear variety for Siberia loves moisture, and therefore it must be watered several times a season.
The pear tree is practically not susceptible to disease, but it can be affected by pests - pear leaf gall midges and butterfly hawthorn. This will help both chemicals and folk recipes. You can spray the plant with infusion of wormwood, shag and garlic. To make it simple: you need to mix 200 g of crushed components, pour them with boiling water (five liters is enough). Then you must additionally boil the composition for 1.5 hours. The resulting "medicine" must be diluted with 15 liters of water, into which you can add 300 g of laundry soap.