Probably, many since childhood have been familiar with a small book published in the publishing house "Children's Literature" in the series "My First Books", on which it was printed: "Pavlo Tychina," The Sun and Smoke, verses. "
These simple, but so bright, even sunny poems laid on the soul. Vivid images of flowers of bells, the sun, stars evoked a lively response in the heart of the reader.
Very unusual and beautiful name and surname of the Ukrainian poet was remembered immediately. It was very interesting to find out what a person who writes such verses looks like. Now there is an opportunity to consider the poet in the photo.
Tychina Pavel Grigoryevich - the great Ukrainian poet, whose life fell on the most difficult periods of the twentieth century. He died in 1967.
Biographical Information
Tychina Pavel Grigoryevich was born in the village of Peski, Chernihiv province, on January 23, 1891, in the family of a rural clergyman, who was also a school teacher. Pavel was the seventh child in the family; he received, in addition to church education, a very good musical education. He had absolute pitch, was a born artist.
After studying at the Chernihiv Theological College, then at the seminary, in 1913 he entered the Kiev Commercial Institute.
Paul’s father died in 1906, and the future poet had to look for ways to earn extra money: he sang in the monastery’s choir, worked in newspapers and magazines. In the biography of Tychina, Pavel Grigoryevich says that, despite the hard life and severe poverty, the poet had very bright memories of his childhood.
First teacher
The first teacher of young Paul at the Zemstvo school was Serafima Nikolaevna Morachevskaya. It was she who instilled in the boy a love of reading. Highlighting his academic success, she presented several Ukrainian books to Pavel.
Pavel Grigorievich Tychina dedicated his first teacher to the poem "Seraphim Morachevskaya", which, unfortunately, remained unfinished.
Serafima Nikolaevna drew the attention of the boy’s parents to his extraordinary abilities and advised him to give the guy to the church choir. Since the poor family had no other opportunity to educate their son, they heeded the advice of the teacher.
In 1900, nine-year-old Pavel successfully auditioned and became a singer of the bishop's choir at the Trinity Monastery. Pavel combined these classes with studies at the Chernigov Theological College. The choir regent noticed a talented boy and instructed him to teach new boys musical notation. Pavel already showed extraordinary composing and conducting abilities.
Pavel Tychina: biography and creativity
Pavel Grigoryevich was very generously gifted by nature. Pavel Grigoryevich began writing the first poems of Tychin at about the age of fifteen under the influence of books he had read and personal acquaintance with poets and writers.
Studying at the Chernigov Theological Seminary in 1907-1913, Tychina received a very good art education thanks to the art teacher, poet and talented painter Mikhail Zhuk, who introduced the future poet to his circle of intelligentsia in Chernigov.
Tychina Pavel Grigoryevich attended literary evenings on Saturdays, which were called Literary Saturdays, with the poet Mikhail Kotsyubinsky. These meetings with talented people had a strong influence on the formation and development of the literary gift of the future poet.
First publications
Starting in 1912, that is, from twenty-one years, Tychina publishes her poems and stories in magazines. The first one to be printed was the poem "You Know How the Linden rustles." The early work of Tychina, Pavel Grigoryevich, is permeated with love for his native nature.
In 1918, the first collection of poems "Solar Clarinets" was already released. This collection immediately put the young author in a row with famous poets of Ukraine. He was called the "national poet." But so far this did not give decent earnings, and therefore, while studying during the summer holidays, the poet worked part time at the statistical office of the Chernigov zemstvo.
In the summer and autumn of 1914-1916, the aspiring poet combined two positions in the Chernihiv Provincial Zemsky Statistical Bureau: a traveling instructor and an accountant-statistician. He took the opportunity to make several valuable folklore recordings of folk art, which he was very interested and inspired.
Personal life
Tychina Pavel Grigoryevich married quite late on a woman whom he met long before that. Lydia was the daughter of the owner of the apartment in which the poet rented a room. The handsome but shy young man was at first afraid of the brisk girl, but gradually made friends with her.
They met in 1916, the girl was 16 years old. They only got married in 1939. There were no children in the family, but in the poet’s house there were constantly numerous relatives: nephews and nieces, brothers, sisters, whom he always helped financially.
His wife, Lydia, took all the household duties into her own hands, helped her husband with restoring order in his papers and documents, sorted his manuscripts.
The personal life of Tychina, Pavel Grigoryevich, was closely connected with the large family from which he came out.
The revolution in the life and work of the poet
Pavel Tychina lived and worked in very difficult and difficult times for him and for the people: two wars and revolutions fell on his lot. During the revolution of 1917, the poet was at first on the side of the defenders of the old system, but then imbued with the ideas of Bolshevism.
Perhaps the fact that the poet was actually the sole breadwinner of his large family played a role in switching to the side of victorious communism, and he had to adapt to the circumstances.
On the Maidan near the church, the revolution is underway.
- Let the shepherd for the chieftain, - everyone buzzed, - he will!
Well, goodbye, wait for the will!
- Gay, on horses everything is on the way!
It boils, makes a noise - only the enspiration is blooming ...
On the Maidan, near the church, mothers moan in tears:
Illuminate your path to them, a clear month in heaven!
And let yourself know
Go crazy, die
- We do our own:
All the lords in one pit,
All the bourgeois with the bourgeois
We will beat!
We will beat!
Poetry of Tychina
In 1919, a collection of poems by Pavel Tychyna in Ukrainian was released, which was called "Solar Clarinets."
The poet tried to preserve his individuality in creativity even after the victory of communism in Ukraine. Collections of his poems “Sacred Sonnets and Octaves” (1920), “In the Cosmic Orchestra” (1921) were published.
During this period, he begins work on the symposium poem "Frying Pan", dedicated to the great philosopher.
By the beginning of the 1920s, Soviet propaganda penetrated more and more into the work of the great poet. Thanks to his talent, she was also written expertly.
The 1930s can be called the period of the surrender of Pavel Tychyna before communism. His proletarian poetry was included in the Soviet school curriculum.
Until the very last days, he remained faithful to the chosen style. But sometimes his talent demanded an exit in soul-lyric poems and poems. After his death, a collection of poems "In my heart."
The talent given to the poet played a cruel joke with him. In early works Tychina showed himself to be the greatest Ukrainian poet, who wrote beautiful lyrical poems about nature, about love. But later he had to become an unsurpassed singer of the Stalinist order. This metamorphosis was very difficult for the poet himself.
At the same time, Tychina was a polyglot: he knew French and Ancient Greek, studied Armenian and Georgian. The poet translated a lot, thereby enriched Ukrainian literature.
Tychina was a major scientist: folklorist, literary critic, art critic, brilliant translator. He wrote literary studies of the work of Ukrainian poets.
Public figure
Pavel Tychina did a lot for the formation of literature, music, theatrical art of Soviet Ukraine.
After World War II, Pavel Tychina actively began to engage in social activities. He occupies high posts in the government of the republic, becomes the people's commissar of education and in this position methodically restores educational institutions that were destroyed during the war years. He tries to keep teaching the Ukrainian language in schools. He was also deputy chairman of the Union of Writers of Ukraine.
Memory of the poet
Pavel Grigorievich Tychina died on September 16, 1967. In 1980, the Literary and Memorial Museum-Apartment of Pavel Grigoryevich was opened in Kiev, the poet’s wife, Lydia Petrovna, contributed to this, and she kept his archive. This museum holds meetings with cultural figures.