Onion is an indispensable garden plant. This is a storehouse of vitamins, all kinds of useful substances, decoration of any meat, fish, vegetable dish. Onions or green in Russian cuisine is used very widely.
Onion is an unpretentious plant. Collected in time, well dried, it is stored all winter. And in the spring at home, just “planted” in jars of water, gives early greens.
In our garden farms, in home gardens, onions are grown in open ground. Planting onions is possible in spring and autumn. Some housewives plant it on greens in the summer.
The culture belongs to biennial plants and propagated by seeds. In the first year small onions grow - onion sets. Some gardeners themselves receive seeds, making sure that the selected variety was successful, but the plant does not tolerate winter well at home. Therefore, usually the housewives prefer to purchase and plant sowing, so that in the same year to get a full crop.
Planting onions and growing them is not a big deal. However, a good harvest can only be obtained by observing certain rules.
Planting material must be sound, without rot, deterioration, well-dried. Sevc is chosen as much as possible in one size, 1-2 cm in diameter. This selection ensures uniform seedlings. If the bulbs are very different in size, then those that are larger are planted first, then medium ones, and lastly, small ones.
Proper planting of onions involves the preparation of planting material in advance: it is heated. 2-3 days you need to hold sevk by the battery or in some other warm place (30-40 degrees). On the eve of planting at night, it is necessary to soak the bulbs in the solution (one tablespoon per ten liters of water) of any complex fertilizer.
Ten minutes of soaking sevka in a solution (one teaspoon per ten liters of water) of copper sulfate will prevent the development of fungal diseases. In order to get a fast green “feather”, you can cut off the top of the bulbs, but to get full onion turnips this should not be done. Washed onions are planted in prepared beds.
In the garden, a sunny, dry place is allocated for this culture. The soil should be loose, light, well-drained. This plant does not like acidic soils, therefore, with increased acidity, lime is added to the soil where the onion is planted. One should not plant this culture in the same place from year to year. Precursors bad for onions: onions, garlic, carrots, cucumbers. It grows well and develops in the place where legumes (peas, beans), tomatoes, cabbage used to grow.
If you plan to plant onions in the spring, then the beds are prepared in the fall.
Organic fertilizers are added during digging. Compost, peat, humus are used. Calculation of fertilizer application per 1 square meter - at least three kilograms of organic matter, wood ash, nitrophosphate, superphosphate - one tablespoon each.
Before planting, for two to three days, the bed is watered with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of two liters per square meter. This solution should be richer than for soaking - one tablespoon per ten liters of water. Processing will be more effective if you cover the bed with a black film after watering.
Sevka is planted in warm soil (at least 12 degrees Celsius), otherwise the onion forms an arrow and will not produce a good crop. In the northern latitudes, the required temperature is characteristic for the second decade of May. Sevocs are planted to a depth of at least 4 centimeters according to a 25x10 cm pattern. After planting, the bed is watered abundantly.
Planting onions in the winter among gardeners is becoming increasingly popular. The beds for autumn planting are made slightly higher than for spring, but the rest of the preparation is the same: digging, loosening, fertilizing, selection and processing of planting material. Plant winter onions according to the well-known pattern of 25x10 centimeters, to a depth of 4-5 cm.
With the autumn landing, the main thing is not to make a mistake with the timing. It must be completed before the soil freezes, so that the onions take root before wintering. But if you do this early, then the bulbs will sprout to frost and the crop will die.
After planting, the bed should be well mulched with dry leaves or hay, cover with a spruce top. In the spring, as soon as the snow falls, the shelter must be removed so that the bed warms up well.