The construction of any garage is necessarily accompanied by a foundation for it. If all the work is carried out correctly, then the construction will last a long time. To carry out such manipulations, it is necessary to overcome several stages, which will be discussed below.
Soil survey
A reliable garage will work if you install it on a solid foundation. Before pouring the structure, it is necessary to carry out geological surveys of the soil, which are trusted by specialists. Such studies provide complete information about the underlying strata and soil composition, as well as the level of groundwater. Without this knowledge, it will be quite difficult to determine the type of foundation, as well as its depth.
If in the process of research it becomes clear that the soil in the territory almost does not absorb moisture or the earth is oversaturated with water, then it will be necessary to equip the base with a drainage system. Its absence, subject to the described conditions, will lead to the fact that in winter the water in the ground freezes and expands, and with the arrival of heat it thaws. As a result of this, the structure will experience loads that can lead to deformation of the base, as well as the garage itself.
The depth of the foundation depends on the variety of soil. If the construction of the foundation for a garage on rocky soil is carried out, then digging a trench can be abandoned. However, the pre-section is well aligned. On gravel and clay soils, the depth exceeds 2 m. The structure will be at a level that is below the freezing line of the soil. On sandy soils, it will be necessary to dig a trench, deepening by 70 cm. In some cases, 40 cm can be dispensed with.
The construction of a garage cannot be carried out on a peat bog. If there is no other way, then the peat layer must be removed to the mineral base of the soil, and then fill the resulting space with a mixture of sand and gravel.
Choosing the type of foundation
The basis for the garage can be any. However, it is easier to independently carry out the construction of the strip foundation. Events will not be accompanied by large expenditures of physical strength, and you will not have to use heavy equipment.
Most often, vehicle owners equip a monolithic strip base, preparation for the construction of which requires minimal land work. If you are interested in the question of how to fill the foundation under the garage, then you should know that a rather easy option in execution is concrete.
It is a type of tape. In order to fulfill it, it is necessary to prepare cement and rubble stone. The technology is almost identical. Under the garage, you can also fill the floating foundation. It is used when the building will be on unstable soils. This design is able to withstand severe loads, is not afraid of ground fluctuations and the vagaries of the weather. However, construction will be accompanied by high financial costs. Floating foundation can be represented by:
- ordinary;
- trellised;
- Capless.
The second variety is monolithic or combined. As for the monolithic foundation, then at the edges it is reinforced with metal products. Having chosen the base, you can decide on its parameters. The length depends on the dimensions of the garage, and the width depends on the massiveness of the building. Usually the last value reaches 0.5 m.
Formwork Features
The foundation for the garage is poured into the formwork. It is a box that consists of shields. Almost any wood or polystyrene foam can be used as them. Cloths are adjusted to each other, they must be mounted smoothly and firmly. Without a building level at this stage can not do.
The structure is fastened with wooden supports. Before pouring the foundation under the garage, you will need to install the formwork, which can be removable or non-removable. In the latter case, the box is made of polystyrene foam and remains after the concrete mixture has hardened. This shape can be replaced by a removable structure.
The base is reinforced with a grid of rods, the diameter of which reaches 1.2 cm. Above the bottom of the trench, two long rods are laid in the lower part. Across long rods it is necessary to lay rods of shorter length. The distance between them should be 0.5 m. In those places where the rods will intersect each other, vertical rods should be installed, and fastening can be done using welding or a strong welded wire. Every 0.3 m, the rods should be welded to the vertical rods.
Carrying out the filling of the strip foundation
The foundation tape for the garage is poured in the next step. The concrete mix can be fed into the trench in parts. But you can immediately fill in the entire volume. Experts recommend using the second technology, then the likelihood of suturing is reduced to zero. It is unlikely that it will be possible to independently cope with the fill in one approach.
When laying the solution in parts, layers should be formed whose thickness does not exceed 15 cm. The material in this process is rammed using hand tools or a vibrator. When the foundation for the garage was flooded with their own hands, it is left and kept for 10 days. The structure is then isolated from water and insulated if necessary. Bituminous mastic usually acts as a waterproofing agent, it is applied to the walls from the outside, and then roofing material is glued. Reduce costs at this stage by using conventional clay instead of mastic. The material is filled in the sinuses and compacted. An additional drainage membrane or geotextile is installed on the roofing material.
Technology of a concrete foundation device
If you want to know how to make a foundation for a garage, you should study several technologies, choosing the most optimal one for yourself. As one of them, a technique for pouring a concrete concrete tape base is advocated. At the first stage of work, it is necessary to mark the site and dig a trench.
Crushed stone and building sand are poured at the bottom of the moat. After that, the mixture is compacted. A rubble stone is laid at the bottom. After mixing two buckets of cement with a bucket of sand, it is necessary to fill the mixture with the first row of the base. The next layer will again be stones, which are again poured with a solution. Repeat the procedure until the last layer of the mixture reaches the edge of the trench. Such a concrete foundation for a garage is waterproofed according to the method described above.
What foundation to choose for a cellular concrete garage
When choosing a design as the basis, it is necessary to take into account several factors and get familiar with the types of foundation closer. The strip foundation for a foam block garage is quite reliable and durable, its cost is not too high. The design may be shallow or conventional. The latter option is used when groundwater is located above 2 m.
Considering the projects of the foundations of garages, you can understand that the columnar base is excellent for a one-story building and clay soil. This is especially true if soil freezing is noted above 1.5 m. When pouring the supports, reinforcement is used, which ensures rigidity and strength of the structure.
Between the posts a minimum distance of 1.5 m is maintained. It is necessary to deepen in the area of supports 20 cm more than the level of freezing of the soil. The columnar foundation for the garage is installed on a sand cushion, and then formwork is carried out, the space of which is poured with concrete. Before this, it is necessary to fix the reinforcing cage, with the help of loops you can get a reliable mount.
Use of pile foundation
The foundation for the garage can also be pile. It is used on unstable ground. If the construction is planned to be located on a slope, the pile structure will also do just fine.
If the length of the walls does not exceed 6 m, then the hanging supports will give the building stability. Installation of such a base is done using piles that are pre-driven into the soil until a solid layer of soil can be achieved. The entire load after completion of these works will fall on solid soil.
Then you can proceed with the reinforcement. It is used for a monolithic foundation. This will prevent cracking of the structure over time. Place a grate in the sand cushion. Then cement is poured. The solution must be liquid to shed all the rubble.
Garage Construction Technology
Aerated concrete is relatively light, so the walls of it do not require a buried or heavy foundation. But if we are talking about heaving soil, it is necessary to build a monolithic structure. This is due to the feature of blocks that do not cope well with the bending load. This entails cracking of the products, and the building itself is destroyed. In order to eliminate unpleasant consequences of this kind, the walls are laid out on a reinforced concrete slab that floats in the ground with the building.
Beam installation
If the project provides for the presence of a viewing hole, then the monolithic slab disappears. It is necessary to build an in-depth tape or combined foundation of a tape-pile type. It is important to arrange a gate in one of the walls. They must have a solid beam base. For this, a steel frame is made, which is poured with concrete.
The length of the beam should exceed the length of the opening by 0.2 m on each side. You can complement the design with a metal corner with a side of 50 mm. The frame is welded to the size of the gate. It is installed so that from the inside it is located close to the wall. The corner is fixed with cement, an I-beam is installed on top, which will rest on the gate and frame.
Walling and roofing
It is necessary to start laying blocks from the corner. After all four are ready, a rope is stretched between them, along which the masonry is carried out. Every two of its rows are reinforced. The rods are located between the blocks. As soon as you reach the floor beam, carry out the masonry without moving the block. Products are trimmed so that the bundle of seams is not broken.
The most common variant of the roof device is the installation of a concrete slab, which is covered with roofing material laid in several layers. However, if the walls are made of foam block, this technique is not suitable, because the material is relatively fragile, and under the weight of the plate can be sold. In order to exclude such a negative impact, it is necessary to build a pitched roof using an I-beam.
Finally
The construction of a garage is a pretty responsible task. In order to provide reliable protection for your car, you can use different materials, such as aerated concrete, wood or brick. A fairly new solution is foam concrete, which has recently become known to the consumer. It is lightweight, affordable, and easy to process.