Having your own water source on the site plays a very important role. If there is no centralized water supply, then the best way would be to install a water well in a private house, which will make it possible to organize uninterrupted independent water supply throughout the adjacent territory. You can make a well not only with the help of specialists, but also independently. This requires cash, the availability of the necessary equipment, tools, as well as free time and desire.
Types of wells
The device of a well for water in a private house can be of two types.
A sand well is selected at low water flow rates (up to 2 cubic meters per hour). It is drilled at a depth of 25-30 m until it reaches an aquifer of sand. Next, the well is strengthened with pipes, a gravel filter is arranged at the bottom and the submersible pump is lowered. The water received from the well is of high quality, which cannot be said about wells. In addition, the cost of money and time to build such a design is relatively small. But any sand well has its drawbacks:
- fragility (up to 10 years);
- small water supply;
- rather rapid siltation, as a result of which there is a need for periodic cleaning and pumping of water.
An artesian well is the most profitable option for permanent suburban living. Such a well is drilled to a great depth, which can be one hundred or more meters. The huge advantage of an artesian well lies in its unlimited potential: its source is practically inexhaustible, and productivity reaches 10 cubic meters of water per hour. In addition, the water is of high quality, does not silt and does not dry out.
However, such a device for a water well in a private house will cost a little more expensive than the construction of a sand source, but such expenses will quickly pay off. The artesian well’s productivity is very high, it’s enough to supply a large area with all residential buildings. Such a source can last more than 50 years.
Stages of device autonomous water supply
Consider what a water well device looks like in a private house. Step-by-step instruction:
- choose the location of the future well;
- we carry out drilling of the necessary depth;
- install a caisson;
- we make installation of equipment for lifting water;
- install the pump;
- we carry out installation of locking equipment;
- install the necessary automation systems;
- we select and install a water treatment system;
- laying a pipeline system from the well to the house;
- we arrange the piping of the internal water supply system.
How to make a device for a water well in a private house with your own hands? Drawings - this is a guarantee of the success of an autonomous water supply system.
It is important to know that according to the existing legislation for each well, it is necessary to have an individual passport. It is issued by the organization that performed the drilling. A passport will be required for submission to the registration authorities.
Installation of a water well in a private house: an overview
Water supply of a private house through a well provides for the implementation of a number of works that are carried out in accordance with the project. It is recommended to order it in specialized organizations. The water supply device should include a filter system and a well for servicing equipment through which water will be supplied.
Water supply from the well at the site is also possible in case of irregular use of the structure, however, there is a possibility of rapid siltation. To avoid this, it is recommended to periodically pump the well. It is also advisable to preserve the system for the winter (completely drain the water).
Pumps
When organizing autonomous water supply of a private house from a well, it is very important to organize a reliable mechanism for lifting water. The modern market offers a wide variety of pumps from a wide variety of manufacturers. Which one is right for your system?
To make the right choice, it is necessary to study the principle of operation of various types of pumps and the parameters of the source from which water will pump. Uninterrupted operation of the water supply system depends on the correct choice.
What to consider when choosing a pump?
First of all, it is recommended to pay attention to the following parameters:
- total well depth and water level in it;
- the total amount of water needed for you per day, including watering the garden;
- water pressure in the well. It can be calculated as follows: add 30 to the depth of the well, and increase the resulting amount by 10%. The most effective way is to choose a head of 90 m;
- borehole diameter;
- unit cost.
Pump types
Before you buy a pump, you need to determine its type.
All pumps are divided into two classes:
- Surface pumps are distinguished by the fact that their casing is located on land or directly on the surface of the water. It is held at the expense of a special float. This type of pump can pump water from a depth of not more than 9 meters, due to which its use in wells is limited.
- Submersible pumps are fully immersed in the pumped water.
Separation by the principle of the device:
- Centrifugal pumps have a shaft with propeller blades, due to which a centrifugal force is created, which allows pumping water.
- Vibration pumps contain a diaphragm. Pumping of water in them occurs due to the difference in pressure indicators, which is formed inside and out.
When buying a pump, it is better to choose models in the design of which a thermal switch is provided to protect the engine from overheating.
Do not think that the more powerful the pump, the better. Excessive power can cause certain problems throughout the system.
It is better to consult a specialist on this issue and purchase a pump with the capacity inherent in the project.
Device wells for water in a private house: hand pump
When using manual borehole pumps, the volume and flow rate of water cannot be compared with the use of automatic counterparts. However, this principle of operation has one big advantage - a complete dependence on communications and external conditions. Thanks to this quality, hand pumps become indispensable assistants in the supply of water to small areas or the lifting of water from shallow wells.
Where are manual water pumps used?
A hand pump is most suitable for use in the following cases:
- lack of centralized (constant) supply of electric energy;
- minimum consumption of daily volume of water;
- the well and the well have a shallow depth;
- equivalent replacement with a traditional bucket and cable for public use of water resources;
- emergency (reserve) source of hydraulic energy.
How to organize a well on your own?
The installation of a well for water in a private house can be done independently.
First of all, it is necessary to determine the aquifer in the territory. To do this, there are several methods for finding a place to drill holes in the ground:
- terrain data are used (maps showing the location of groundwater);
- observation of plants and natural phenomena;
- water is searched using willow twigs.
We propose to consider the installation of a well for water in a private house without a caisson.
After determining the location for drilling, you need to choose the method by which the well will be made. The most effective method is drilling. To carry out this work on their own, they use a small-sized drilling rig, which is suitable for use even by non-professionals, or a home-made manual drill. It is a rod, at the end of which a cutting element is located. The drill loosens the soil, which is taken by helical plates located on the rod after the cutting elements. As a result, the length of the rod increases.
After passing through the aquifer, the drilling process is stopped. Next, they begin to prepare the well for full operation. First of all, the well is thoroughly cleaned with the help of a chipper, then the filter is lowered to the bottom, and the remaining space is filled with coarse sand.
The installation of a water well in a private house (you can see the photo in our article) needs subsequent equipment for use. To do this, the walls of the well are strengthened with asbestos-cement pipes. This is done in order to provide unhindered and as clean as possible access to the aquifer (without soil elements).
How to properly position an asbestos-cement pipe in a well
Before performing this phase of work, the following factors must be considered:
- For a more convenient location, the diameter of the pipe should be chosen a little less than the diameter of the well.
- It is recommended to place the whole pipe directly. If this is not possible, it is possible to select pipe segments with the same diameter and even edges, which will minimize the possibility of contamination of the water source.
- Each section of the casing of the well is carefully secured with special clamps, which helps to prevent subsidence of the casing deep into the aquifer and blocking access to water.
- Since there is a frequent rise of the pipe from the well, you should consider how to fix it already on the surface.
After installing the pipes, it is necessary to determine how the rise of water to the surface from the depth will be ensured. The most successful way is to use a submersible pump and run hoses from it to pump water into the house and in the tank for watering the site. The power of such a pump must first be calculated, taking into account the height to which resources will be supplied from the well.
We briefly examined the design of a well for water in a private house. How to spend water resources on your own, you already know. Now you can do the decorative design, which also matters. There are many options, for example - the construction of a wooden log house, carved canopy, design of the well with special boulders made of artificial stone. Now turn on your imagination and create comfort in your area.