A rose has always been considered the queen of any garden, and caring for it requires special knowledge and skills. The cultivation of frost-resistant varieties made the planting of roses not only a privilege of the southern regions of Russia, but also the northern ones, where, with proper care, they delight the owners for more than one year. Shelter of roses for the winter in the Leningrad Region has its own characteristics, since snowy winters do not always take place, and temperature differences can lead to the death of the plant.
Varieties for the Leningrad region
Roses that are not always planted, even with very good care, survive frosts, one of the reasons may be:
- Inappropriate method of distillation. The bush grown in the greenhouse and stocks do not always differ in frost resistance.
- Grade. Park or landscape views are least afraid of frost and can survive the winter with minimal protection. Hybrid tea and climbing plants are heat-loving varieties that require the construction of protective devices. Medium resistant - many-faced floribunda and miniature species of roses.
The main types of work
Shelter of roses for the winter in the Leningrad region takes place in several main stages:
- Stop feeding.
- Pruning.
- Cleaning.
- Treatment.
- Hilling.
- Shelter.
Each operation has its own characteristics, depending on the climate of the region and the type of rose. The deadlines are dictated by the temperature differences at the time of the preparatory work, if the autumn is warm, then you can not sag with the shelter, when there are sharp frosts below -5 ° C it makes sense to hurry.
Start of preparatory work
Shelter of roses for the winter in the Leningrad Region begins in the second half of summer. According to the natural calendar, flowers, preparing for autumn, slow down the process of intensive growth, and at this time it is strictly forbidden:
- The end of July - to introduce fertilizers stimulating vegetation (nitrogen).
- The beginning of autumn is to cut flowers and pick off withered buds so as not to interfere with the plant's full flowering cycle.
Any of the above actions can serve as an incentive to create new shoots, which is extremely undesirable before the onset of frost.
In the middle of the first month of autumn, it is necessary to fertilize the bush with potassium-magnesium preparations, providing them with a supply of nutrients for better spring growth.
At this time, it is extremely undesirable to loosen the earth, so this operation can start the process of flower growth.
By the end of September, the leaves on the bushes begin to dry out, and just the time comes to remove the yellowed foliage. It is necessary to start with diseased leaves, at the end of autumn, by the beginning of shelter, it is desirable to remove all dry leaves, but it is quite possible to limit ourselves to harvesting and burning only diseased shoots.
Pruning
Mandatory activities that ensure a good wintering and spring blooming of a rose are shelter for the winter and pruning. The type of work is determined by the plant variety.
It is necessary to trim all bushes, regardless of age. Cleaned:
- Flowers, buds.
- Sick and weak stems that can’t tolerate frost and die, which can lead to infection of the bush.
After pruning, on the bush, depending on its size, no more than 5 main branches should remain, all the rest should be removed. All work should be carried out only with a special sharp tool, leaving an oblique cut.
The height of the shoots left for wintering depends on the variety.
- Frost-resistant park varieties practically do not shorten, only preventive cleaning and cleaning of weak twigs is carried out.
- In hybrid tea, floribunda and other less stable varieties, a large percentage of the aerial parts is cut off, leaving no more than 5 buds.
Climbing roses require an individual approach , shelter for the winter and pruning are specific due to the long stems, which are practically not shortened. Only sick and dry parts, as well as all foliage, need to be cleaned.
Solving the issue of pruning, you can begin to clean the land cover. Cleaning should be thorough, under the future canopy there should be nothing left that could cause the appearance of rot.
Disinfection and hilling
Many gardeners ask the question: "How to process roses before shelter for the winter?" There are several solutions:
- Classic version: 5% iron sulfate, or Bordeaux mixture. But for a greater guarantee, preventive treatment should be carried out in the summer, for this, many summer residents use Fitosporin, which gives a good disinfecting effect.
- A simpler method and not always an effective method using ash. A piece of land and moist shoots are sprinkled: one can of dry ash per 1m 2.
Hilling is a routine procedure for many gardeners, in the case of roses it is advisable to carry it out with sand, after disinfection, since the soil under the bush can contain many different bacteria and fungi. The height of the boulder depends on the size of the bush, on average not less than 20 cm. The loose consistency of sand protects the root system, without forming a crust when freezing, contributing to good ventilation of the underground part of the plant.
Processing of roses before shelter for the winter and hilling is carried out on dry soil and shoots. Rain can become a problem during this period, a phenomenon not uncommon, especially in autumn. The solution is simple: the use of polyethylene in the form of an umbrella or a tent. In this case, it is desirable to cover not only the bush, but also the soil.
Cooking for shelter
It is not recommended to start a full-scale warming procedure before reaching -5 ° C (critical temperature for varieties with low frost-resistant qualities), since wrapping too early can weaken the bush. Most often, the period of shelter is the end of October and the beginning of November.
The complexity depends on the variety, climbing roses are especially laborious, shelter for the winter and pruning takes a lot of time and resources, since the branches of the bushes are not pruned before wintering, they must be bent correctly. This should be done slowly, if necessary, to slightly loosen the ground under the bush. The branches are tied stacked on a surface previously covered with straw, spruce branches or shields and fixed with holders.
Protection for heat-loving varieties
A climbing rose also requires special care, shelter for the winter can be realized in different ways, the choice depends on the landing region and the possibilities of the owners:
Shield. Reliable and time-consuming option, providing a high percentage of flower survival, even in severe frosts.
- It will require two nailed wooden shields, the length depends on the height of the flower, width up to 90 cm.
- Install the structure over the fixed branches.
- Drive wedges into the ground to keep the roof from moving.
- Position moisture protection on top: film, spruce branches. Very often there is a recommendation to fill the film with earth, but not all summer residents go for it, fearing the appearance of excessive condensation.
The shield is made of wooden boards, it is not necessary to knock them down tightly, the presence of cracks is permissible. The main criterion is reliability, heavy snow drifts can break the structure, damaging the lashes of roses.
The wireframe method and strapping are also used.
In the second case, the bound shoots are covered with spruce branches and lutrasil, pressed to the ground with bricks, boards and tarpaulin.
A common occurrence is a greenhouse with different varieties of bushes, among which a climbing rose stands, shelter for the winter in this case will have its own characteristics.
The branches cannot be lowered to the ground, they must be fixed to the clogged pillars, and then make the roof.
Shelter of floribunda varieties, tea-hybrid
Most often, sheltering roses for the winter in the Leningrad Region of medium frost-resistant varieties is carried out by the air-dry method.
Advantage: good ventilation, ease of manufacture
Need to do:
- The basis of the frame. Metal bars or wooden bars and battens are suitable. The height depends on the bush, usually just above 50 cm.
- The fence should evenly encircle the entire plant.
- Cover the structure with insulation, fixing it on the frame. Many experts recommend the use of lutrasil with maximum density, its feature is a breathing structure that does not interfere with air circulation and absorbs excess moisture well. Also, lapnik or improvised materials are often used in the form of cardboard, woven rugs, paths.
- Isolate the outer part from rain with polyethylene folded in several layers. The ends must remain open.
It is permissible to apply a scheme with two layers of lutrasil and covering the spruce branches without film, avoiding the formation of condensate.
Dip the lower part of the insulation, attach it with stones for greater reliability.
It is necessary to close only the upper part of the bush, the lateral parts of the insulation drop when they exceed -15 ° C.
And in conclusion
Shelter of roses for the winter in the Leningrad Region should have ventilation, since constant temperature changes lead to the appearance of condensate, which is a fertile ground for the development of diseases. The snowy regions of the region are most favorable for wintering roses; in the eastern region with low rainfall, increased attention should be paid to warming, making it as much as possible ventilated and resistant to frost.