Lighting timers allow you to automatically turn on and off the light using predefined software settings. Otherwise, such devices are called timers. As typical examples of use, you can cite the adjustment of lighting in the aquarium, on the staircase of the porch or in the garden after sunset. In addition, in any case, this kind of smart device allows you to save electricity without human intervention. Lighting timers, as a rule, are a plastic candy bar with a set of buttons for control or a touch screen.
Instrument Classification
There are two main types with a different principle of operation - electronic and electromechanical. In the first case, there is a special microprocessor inside the case, which is responsible for processing all the commands, and in the second case, reading takes place due to the presence of a mechanism with a synchronous motor powered from the network.
According to the period of operation, lighting timers are divided into the following types:
- per diem;
- weekly;
- astronomical;
- universal;
- with countdown;
- with random switching.
The installation method also has several variations, including stationary, mounted in a panel, box or on a special DIN rail. Classification by operating conditions divides such devices depending on the degree of protection against external influences and the rated power of consumers that can be connected to the device.
Features of timers on electronic relays
This class is programmable. Entering commands is done using the front panel with a certain number of controls like buttons or a touch screen. The device is powered by a built-in battery or battery.
Among the advantages of this type, it should be noted a large selection of available modifications with interval adjustment of lighting operation modes, many installation and installation options, as well as a good level of performance. Users highly appreciate the sufficient information content of the given settings on the display, the ability to record their own operating time in the internal memory of the device and save them even in the absence of power.
Usually, an electronic timer for lighting allows you to create even ultra-short switching ranges of up to one minute. The accuracy of the readings is definitely higher than that of devices with an electromechanical relay.
Features of timers on an electromechanical relay
This variety has only two functioning options - weekly and daily. You can program the timer here by controlling the graduated wheel and several levers. All elements are usually located on the front panel of the device. Lighting timers of this type are either permanently installed in a rail or a special box, or simply plugged into a wall outlet.
Choose this option should be for those who are not so important indicators of the smallest switching range or job programs with an accuracy of one second. With all this, ease of configuration for many can be a decisive positive argument when choosing. However, low accuracy and possible program failures due to the lack of an additional power source in the future will become the main problems of such a device. In addition, the gear teeth gradually wear out, which will affect the serviceability of the adjustment wheel.
Principle of operation and application
The principle of operation may depend on the specific type of device. If we consider the controller as an example of an astronomical timer, the essence of its work is that the readings of the built-in clock are compared with the astronomical table. Information is transmitted to two contact relays. The first of them includes a timer for light with an eye on only the device’s own built-in readings. The second relay performs the same functions, however, it is also able to remove the load from the device for a certain user-specified time period.
Timers for street lighting are widely used in security and emergency lighting of non-residential buildings. Also, such devices are used by summer residents in areas in front of the house. Advertising agencies install light timers on their own billboards for better display at night or cloudy weather.
What needs to be done before switching on?
As a first step, it is recommended to select the appropriate power supply and connection diagram. If the load values are very large, it is best to use special contactors. Next, the device is installed in its proper place. A switch is also placed in the lighting control panel. After that, using cables or wires, you need to power the device into an electrical network and connect it to the lights that it will control.
After completing all the procedures, a voltage is applied to the lighting control timer. Experts advise conducting a technical inspection and scheduled diagnostics at least once every six months. First of all, you should check the reliability of the fastening of the device itself, as well as the places of connections with the elements of the electrical circuit and terminal blocks.
Connection options and order
You can power the device through three-wire or four-wire electrical networks. Each timer to turn on the lighting comes with a special adapter for the right amount. The first scheme allows you to assemble a circuit in which there will be no additional lighting load immediately after the switch itself. In the second case, fixtures and lamps will be connected immediately after it.
The connection process is quite simple, does not require any special skills or call a specialist at home. You can fix a modular timer, for example, in a DIN rail. This is done using special latches, if any, on the device. This feature is only available with a modular design. External buttons are connected based on the previously selected wiring diagram.
Contact Features
In case of power supply using three wires, pay attention to their colors. The blue conductor from the outdoor timer is used to connect to zero. Also, with this color, if desired, a lighting device is connected. The brown conductor is connected directly to the phase of the electrical network. Red is required to control the sensor. It must be carried out to the lamp from the regulator that is available.
Sometimes there is also a fourth wire that performs the role of grounding. When it is connected, it becomes possible to pre-prevent a voltage drop on the case of the device itself. The general connection scheme will not change in any way, however, grounding will need to be connected to the lamp itself, bypassing the regulator. In rare cases, manufacturers can change the labeling and, accordingly, the set of colors. Then you will need to carefully study the installation and operation manual attached to the device.
Step by Step Option
The information is relevant for those who decide to attach the device to the wall, which is, in turn, the most common installation option.
- Almost always, on the case of the off timer, there is a circuit for connecting the device to the mains. You must carefully study it.
- The second step is to choose the optimal location for the location of the device. Recommendations are given for each device separately. In addition, the main options are outlined above.
- In accordance with the diagram on the device, it is necessary to connect the wires to the lighting device, which is planned to be controlled.
- The fourth step is to configure the device itself. The program is set in accordance with personal preferences. The convenience and accuracy of the settings will depend on the type of timer selected.
- In the event that remote elements come with the sensors, they must be connected using wires.
Connection Tips
Installing and configuring lighting timers involves a number of certain nuances, the most important of which are listed below.
- If several lamps are planned in the system, then without a special controller they will not be able to work correctly. This element will be located in a circuit between the timer itself and the lighting fixtures.
- The power characteristics of the time relay must match those of the network. Otherwise, there is a great chance of fire or damage to the device.
- Each device can be connected in different ways. Determine the most appropriate should be at the stage of purchase.
- If the sensor focuses on the level of illumination, then the limit of its operation should be adjusted. By default, as a rule, the level is set to 5 lux. Thus, the light will turn on even before it gets dark on the street.
- This system can be successfully combined with motion sensors and other elements for protection and warning.
The issue of energy savings
For outdoor lighting, there are two main methods that allow more practical use of resources. The first of them is the use of special lamps with a higher luminous efficiency or luminaires with a high level of efficiency. The second option involves setting up existing equipment. Proper control of the off timer is the key to saving energy. Experts recommend a mode in which the light works after sunset and until the moment when people move around the territory, and in the absence of movement or after sunrise, the device remains inactive.