Engineering systems of suburban households are usually presented in the form of heating, water, gas and energy supply. The sources of vital resources for life can be both trunk networks and their own autonomous structures and communications. At the same time, to maintain cleanliness and proper sanitary and hygienic conditions at the site, drainage channels for the disposal of household waste and wastewater should also be provided. Some of these tasks are solved by the drainage system. With its help, in particular, it is possible to organize an outlet for storm and melt water, which are activated in the spring. The modern device of the drainage pipe is based on the technology of using high-strength and durable plastics, so such a network will not cause any special problems in operation. But for this, drainage should also be properly organized.
What tasks does the drain pipe solve?
Traditional drainage contributes to the drainage of garden paths, protects the foundation from waterlogging and contact with water, and also regulates the moisture regime of the soil, which is necessary for the optimal development of vegetation. Experienced summer residents think in advance how to break down orchards, so that in the future the root system is not disturbed by the problem of elevated groundwater. For this, special embankments are sometimes created from brick fighting or other construction waste, due to which the problem of waterproofing is solved in a natural way. However, it will not be possible to completely solve this problem without special devices. Therefore, even at the stage of conducting the main engineering networks for the house, a drainage pipe device is installed, a photo with an example of which is presented below.
Storm sewage as the basis of drainage
Rainwater is one of the main sources of groundwater supply, due to which the latter increase. In this case, a surface drainage system is implemented that does not allow the water that accumulates on the surface of the plot to flood paths, flower beds, and platforms. In such systems, drainage pipes are taken as the basis for drainage circuits. The surface network device also provides for the widespread use of chute devices that collect water from paths, lawns, driveways and platforms. Technically, the network is implemented according to the principle of a designer, which may also include grilles, sand traps and reservoirs for collecting water.
Wells for drainage
It is not always possible to organize a stable drainage system without a well. For example, if you want to arrange drainage on a site that does not have any main drainage channels at all, then the best way to eliminate the accumulated water is to use your own collection in the form of a well. By the way, it is sometimes used when external output is possible, since this configuration allows you to save on materials for the pipeline. With the help of a well, in particular, a vertical drainage pipe is installed that directs water deep into the ground. Accordingly, the well should be located as far as possible at the lowest point of the site. Therefore, we can say that vertical well drainage not only collects water from surfaces, but also effectively lowers the overall level of groundwater.
Optimum pipe materials
It is difficult to imagine modern plumbing without fittings, cases and other accessories made on a plastic basis. But not so long ago, drainage was arranged with the help of ceramic, steel, and in some cases wooden elements of the network. Today, metal pipes are also found, but they have obvious weaknesses. For example, even with high-quality protection against corrosion processes, such communications after a certain time will require replacement due to a breach of sealing. The same steel circuits laid underground will come into contact with aggressive alkaline and acidic media (depending on the type of soil), which will shorten the operational period of the material. This is not to say that plastic is completely protected from external threats, but from the point of view of practicality and duration of the same working period, such drainage pipes are preferable. The device of networks from plastic pipes also does not cause special problems. If the laying of metal structures of large size can be done only with the participation of special equipment, then a small team will mount the plastic analogues.
Drainage pumping equipment
The initial concept of drainage assumes that the drainage will be carried out naturally without outside effort. For this, the networks are designed with the calculation of the slope, thanks to which the water itself leaves the site along organized contours. But, firstly, to withstand a sufficient slope is not always possible. And secondly, even if it is provided, the pressure force may not be enough for timely disposal of the site from flooding as a result of prolonged rainfall. Therefore, pumps are introduced into the drainage infrastructure. As a rule, these are submersible models, which can be stationary or portable. A correctly selected unit according to its characteristics will ensure efficient pumping of water from the pipeline and other adjacent drains. If the device of the drainage pipe provides for the presence of several points of drainage and intake, then equipment with the same number of nozzles should be purchased. These are multifunctional pumps that can also regulate the volume of fluid handled.
Creating a drainage system project
Before developing a project, it is necessary to obtain a complete set of data on local groundwater, soil layer, vegetation and structures located on the site. It is advisable to initially order a hydrogeological survey, the results of which will make the optimal decision regarding the characteristics of the future system. At this stage, the most effective drainage pipe technology in this case is selected - with or without a pump, with access to the mains network or with a local water collector, with the presence of a filtration system or using grilles. Next, a communication layout diagram is drawn up , which indicates the functional points of the system, the pipeline line, the location of the water intake equipment, etc.
Drainage network configuration
So, the drainage network includes several components, among which pipes, reservoirs for collecting water, pumps, grates and filters, trays and other auxiliary devices. The first thing to do is arrange the points at which water will be collected. Again, project documentation for a particular site is used to distribute them. Then a bunch of water intake points is made using pipes, filters and gratings that hold up large debris. The standard scheme is the installation of a drainage pipe around the house, thanks to which the same storm drains are not allowed to the base of the building. The final outlet point for the effluents will be a reservoir, an off-site ditch or a central sewer network.
Pipe mounting technique
Particular attention in the process of technical implementation of the project is paid directly to pipe laying. To do this, the first step is digging a ditch of a depth of about 60-70 cm with a shutter speed of the aforementioned angle of inclination - it can be represented as a decrease of 1 cm per 2 m of the pipeline. At the bottom of the trench should be a 10-centimeter layer of sand, which must be leveled and compacted. Geotextiles are laid on a sand cushion - so that the cloth is enough to wrap the pipe and a layer of crushed stone. The latter pours out on geotextiles to a level of 20 cm. After this, you can begin installation and installation of a drainage pipe in a prepared drainage line. The pipe is laid on a layer of crushed stone, and then wrapped with a geotextile cloth. Fixation of the edges can be done by thermal soldering, which will provide sealing. If the system works correctly, you can dig a trench.
Foundation drainage device
A separate drainage system can be arranged for the foundation platform. First of all, you should open the surface of the structure by making a moat directly near the walls of the house. The open base must be dried, after which you can proceed to the next step. Further, the general technology of pipe laying using geotextiles, gravel and sand is implemented. It is important to consider that a perforated drainage pipe for the foundation should be used in the installation. The device of its endings provides a drainage of 6-7 m to a previously prepared water intake. The option of interfacing with the main drainage system on the site is also allowed, but for greater reliability, a separate outlet channel is better for a drainage system.
Gully drainage device
If there is a deep ditch, pit or ravine outside the site, then you can direct the drainage system outlet directly there. But this option is allowed subject to two conditions. Firstly, the soil of the water receiver should provide a stable and natural flow of water into the soil. Secondly, the device of the drainage pipe that goes into the ravine should be 80-100 m higher than the lower point of the water collection site. That is, the ravine itself should be deep enough so that the water collected in it does not come back during heavy rain or in the process of intense melting of snow.
Features of open drainage systems
If groundwater does not cause concern during heavy rains and surface water leaves naturally, then you can restrict yourself to open drainage. To organize such a system, a small ditch digs along the perimeter of the household with a slope towards the water intake. In this case, the installation of a drainage pipe is required only in the areas of access to the sewer or well. The prepared trench is simply covered with sand and gravel in several layers. The only drawback of this system is not the most aesthetic appearance, which can spoil the impression of the surrounding landscape design compositions.
Drainage device under the road
The main problem when laying pipes under the entry points and parking areas is to create a sufficient margin of safety for the circuit. To do this, you must adhere to two rules. One of them determines the need for a protective sheath for the pipe. In this capacity, it is desirable to use a steel “case” into which the main circuit of the network will be previously introduced. As for the second rule, the device drainage pipe under the road provides for the use of only solid, not perforated models. This nuance is also due to the need to maintain the strength properties of the system.
Conclusion
The organization of drainage on the site removes a lot of worries from the owner in terms of its improvement and operation. Such systems are of the greatest importance from the point of view of safety. For example, a plastic drainage pipe for a driveway eliminates the risk of road flooding in a timely manner. This is especially true of soil coatings, which pose the greatest danger during traffic. The positive factor for capital construction on the site, the soil around which is not waterlogged and thereby does not have a harmful effect on building structures, cannot be ruled out. A well-equipped drainage system also provides aesthetic advantages - the territory does not spoil the view of the puddles, and the green spaces retain their appearance.