The heat point is the main element of the heating system, the quality of hot water supply and heating of the connected facility, as well as the operation of the central system, largely depends on the efficiency of its operation. For this reason, the thermal unit, the scheme of the thermal unit must be individually designed for each object, taking into account technical features and nuances.
Appointment
The heat point is located in a separate room and is a set of elements designed for the distribution of heat that comes from the heating network to the heating and ventilation system, as well as hot water supply to industrial and residential premises, in accordance with the parameters set for them and the type of coolant.
The thermal unit (the scheme of the thermal unit below) allows not only to distribute heat among consumers, but also to take into account the costs of its consumption, as well as to save energy resources. It maintains comfortable conditions in the building with economical use of resources by automatically regulating the supply of heat to the heating and ventilation systems, as well as hot water supply in accordance with the established schedule, taking into account the outdoor temperature.
Standard equipment
To ensure reliable operation of the heating unit, it is important that it is equipped with the following minimum set of technological equipment:
- Two plate heat exchangers (collapsible or soldered) for hot water supply and heating system.
- Pumping equipment for pumping coolant to the heating devices of the building.
- Water treatment system.
- A system for automatically adjusting the temperature and quantity of coolant (flow meters, controllers, sensors) to account for heat supply loads, control coolant parameters and regulate flow.
- Technological equipment - regulators, instrumentation, check valves, valves.
It is worth noting that the complete set of the heating unit with technological equipment depends largely on how the heating networks are connected to the heating system and hot water supply.
Core systems
The heat point consists of the following main systems:
- Heating system - maintains the set air temperature in the room.
- Cold water supply - provides the necessary pressure in residential premises.
- Hot water - designed to provide the building with hot water.
- A ventilation system that provides heating of the air that enters the building's ventilation system.
Thermal unit: independent thermal unit circuit
A similar scheme is a combination of equipment, divided into several nodes:
- The giving and return pipeline.
- Pump equipment.
- Heat exchangers.
Depending on the type of circuit, the equipment of which the thermal unit consists will vary. The scheme of the heating unit, developed by an independent principle, will be equipped with a system of heat exchangers used to adjust the temperature of the circulating liquid before it is supplied to the consumer. This scheme has a number of advantages:
- Fine tuning the system.
- Economical heat consumption.
- By regulating the temperature regime at different outdoor temperatures, more comfortable conditions are created for consumers.
Dependent circuit
This scheme of connecting a heat point is simpler. In this case, the coolant reaches the consumer directly from the heating network, without any conversions.
On the one hand, this method of connection does not require the installation of additional equipment, respectively, and is cheaper. But during operation, such an installation is uneconomical, since it is not regulated at all - the temperature of the circulating liquid will always be the same as that set by the supplier of thermal energy.
Operating principle
The coolant from the boiler room through pipelines enters the heaters of the heating system and hot water supply of the apartment, after which it is sent through the return pipe to the heating network, and then the boiler room for reuse.
By means of pumping equipment, a cold water supply system supplies water to the system where it is distributed: one part is sent to the apartments, and the other goes to the circulation circuit of the hot water supply system for subsequent heating and distribution.
Service
As mentioned above, a heat unit consists of a large number of elements - inlet and outlet pipelines, collectors, heat exchangers, pumps, temperature controllers, instrumentation and more. This is a rather complicated system, therefore, maintenance of thermal units should consist of the following main steps:
- Inspection of elements of the heating system (instrumentation, pumps, heat exchangers). If necessary, replace or repair these components, as well as cleaning and flushing the heat exchangers.
- Inspection of the ventilation system (instrumentation valves, automatic control devices).
- Inspection of the hot water system.
- Check recharge node.
- Control of coolant parameters (flow rate, temperature, pressure).
- Inspection of hot water thermostats.
- Inspection of other devices that involves the installation of thermal units.
Design
Well-designed project documentation is crucial. The design of the heating unit can be useful in case of any technical issues from the organization supplying heat supply, as well as with repeated annual tolerances.
After all, even at the design stage, it is determined which devices will be installed, how the regulation of the thermohydraulic mode will take place, in what place the equipment will be mounted, and what the resulting cost of installing a thermal unit at the facility will be.