Energy-saving lamps (ESL) are becoming increasingly popular. By this concept, often only fluorescent lamps are meant . But other devices that have a low value of energy consumption and at the same time good light output are also energy-saving. They are used not only for indoor lighting. Another lamp was widely used. ESL for plants is an extra light when there is not enough daylight, especially in the cold season.
Variety of devices
A lot is presented today ESL. Lamps are divided into several categories. If we talk about luminescent, then they, in turn, can be of contact or linear type.
This group also includes some types of LED lamps, which have several advantages over fluorescent ones. They do not contain harmful and dangerous substances. Long life and non-stop operation are ensured by the mechanical strength of the device. The value of light output and such devices is higher.
ESL also differ in the device. Lamps are divided into two parts: with electric and electromagnetic chokes. Devices belonging to the first group, preferably the second. They have the best quality of work and do not create additional noise.
There is another classification that relates to the size of the cap. According to this indicator, energy-saving lamps are divided into three categories:
- With the index E14. They differ in a threaded hole (1.4 centimeters). For their use, household cartridges with a reduced diameter are required.
- E27, which have a threaded hole of 2.7 centimeters. They are designed for installation in cartridges of standard sizes.
- E40. Such lamps in their design have built-in electronic ballast.
Device and principle of operation
At the ends of the tube are electrodes that heat up when the ESL is turned on. The lamps heat up to almost a thousand degrees. Due to an increase in temperature, free electrons appear. They begin a chaotic motion until they receive acceleration from the action of stress.
Due to their motion, electrons collide with atoms of mercury and argon. Thanks to mercury vapor, a low-temperature plasma is formed. It is she who becomes the ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation, starting from the phosphor, which covers the walls of the tube from the inside, forms visible light.
The electrodes at the ends of the tube periodically change their sign. They become either cathodes or anodes. This is achieved by applying AC voltage. Moreover, the generator supply voltage operates with a frequency of several tens of kilohertz. Thanks to this, ESL does not flicker.
Lamps and their indicators
Which appliances are suitable for use? For operation must have the necessary indicators of ESL. Lamps must have the following characteristics:
- Dimensions of the lamp. Energy-saving lamps are large in comparison with conventional ones. Therefore, before buying, you should make sure that they fit in the lamp.
- The ability to change the brightness of combustion.
- The service life, which is indicated in hours (for those cases when the mains voltage does not change).
- The number of inclusions that the lamp circuit can withstand.
Knowing these characteristics, you can choose a suitable energy-saving lamp.