Construction techniques are constantly being improved. New construction approaches require more and more accurate measurements to ensure the necessary accuracy. In this regard, there is a huge number of construction devices for measuring a variety of indicators. Used not only in large construction companies, but also in everyday life, they have already become an integral part of any toolkit. In this article, we briefly consider their main types and applications.
Rulers and tape measures
Everything is clear here: measuring the length is simply necessary for any type of construction work. Both rulers designed for measuring small parts and roulettes are used, which allow measuring distances of up to ten or twenty meters, depending on their length. A more modern analogue of roulettes and rulers are laser range finders. They allow you to calculate the length at large distances with an accuracy of half a millimeter. Their principle is based on the reception of a laser wave reflected from the surface, and deviations arise mainly due to the density of the medium. They will come in handy when you need to measure the distance to a kilometer.
Goniometers and inclinometers
To measure the angles and inclinations of surfaces, goniometers and inclinometers are used. Depending on the type of construction, they can be either electronic or digital, or simple levels. The construction level is a ruler with an indicator, inside of which there is an air bubble that is located exactly in the center only in the case of a perfectly flat surface. Digital goniometers are much more complicated, and with their help you can not only measure the level of surface roughness, but also the angles, and the accuracy will be extremely high - the deviations will not exceed one degree. Goniometers are indispensable for the installation and installation of structures.
Tacheometers
A total station is another indispensable type of construction device. This tool is widely used in surveying, allowing you to accurately determine the coordinates and heights of terrain points, show the angles of inclination of surfaces and much more. Research with a total station is mandatory before laying the foundation of the building or when laying the pavement. To search for heterogeneities in the surface, metals, fittings, pipes and other building structures in construction, a variety of detectors are used. It can be either hygrometers that allow you to determine humidity, for example in wood, or find water underground, or metal detectors that allow you to find metal deposits and even determine the type and shape of an object, and many others. Apart from such detectors are route finders.
Route finders
Route finders are construction equipment that allows you to find underground utilities through which current flows. They are suitable for searching for underground communications, as well as for underwater. Some of them are equipped with alternators, which makes it possible to find broken communications by feeding them. Route finders are used not only in construction, but also in the repair of communications, allowing you to find gaps in them. A survey with a locator is necessary before carrying out earthwork, during which there is a risk of stumbling on wires or pipes laid underground.
Sclerometers
An equally important building measuring device is a sclerometer. This is a device that measures the hardness of a material. Most often in this way the strength of concrete is checked, which is important when using it. Checking is done by scratching or hitting the surface. Modern sclerometers come in both mechanical and electronic types.
Voltage testers
Voltage testers are another indispensable measuring construction tool. It is used, as the name implies, for measuring voltage in communications. In addition, with its help you can determine the phase of the current, find hidden wiring or breaks in the electrical circuit.
Other measuring instruments
In addition to those devices that are used directly during construction, we also need those that will measure indicators in ready-made rooms. Such devices are vibrometers, sound level meters and light meters. Vibrometers allow you to measure the level of vibration in a building. This is especially important for heavy industrial enterprises. Strong vibrations can have extremely negative effects on the body of workers and are generally very harmful.
Sound level meters allow you to measure the level of sound pollution. Here the scope is wider than that of vibrometers - after all, sound level meters are also used at home, when, for example, you need to measure the noise level from neighbors. Exceeding certain noise figures in residential premises is not only harmful, but also prohibited by law. Light meters are instruments for measuring illumination. Work in low light conditions leads to vision problems and a worsening of the psychoemotional state. This is especially important when working with texts or small details. To ensure a sufficient level of coverage, state standards apply, the failure of which may lead to the closure of the enterprise.
conclusions
Thus, construction devices and equipment for measurements are presented in a huge variety and often serve to perform a specific specific task. Their proper use helps greatly facilitate the work of builders and repair crews, and in some cases their use is simply necessary.