The pension accruals of each citizen depend on what time in his life he worked. And the more the threshold exceeds the minimum length of service, the higher the pension accruals. Does study include work experience? After all, there are citizens who can devote their studies to almost their entire lives.
Seniority
Under the seniority in the legislation means the total time of work or other socially useful activities of the employee. This concept is the basis for the emergence of the right to pension accruals, holidays, monetary compensation for temporary incapacity for work, and in some cases even to pay salaries.
The main document that can confirm the existence of a seniority is the form of the employment record. Therefore, it is especially important to properly store and fill out this document.
Kinds
The main types of seniority include:
- Common. This type correlates in itself all periods of working and other activities, as well as periods indicated by law. The duration of the total length of service does not depend on the type of activity, the reasons for the change of place of work, as well as the reasons for breaks between work. The calculation of such experience is a calendar method.
- Special. This type includes the total amount of time that a citizen has worked in specific sectors of the economy or fields of activity. The list of such professions is rather narrow and is regulated by special regulatory documents.
- Continuous. The type of experience, which is determined by work without interruptions in activities at one enterprise. Also, the experience is considered continuous if less than a month has passed between the change of workplace.
- Insurance. The period during which the employer made transfers for his employee to the pension fund.
What does the experience include?
Whether study enters into the working experience, we will find out when we will analyze which activity includes the experience. According to legislative acts, it includes:
- Official employment.
- Registration as a private entrepreneur.
- Work in the municipal or public service.
- Maternity leave (in this case, the total amount of childcare cannot exceed six years).
- Military service.
- Period of temporary incapacity for work if payments were made as part of social insurance.
- The period of imprisonment.
- The period of supervision of a person with disabilities.
- The period of receipt of cash payments upon registration at the labor exchange.
As can be seen from the list, inclusion in the work experience is absent. However, studies at higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs count as long years of service.
Full time study
Some citizens in the employment form have a record that they studied at a university. In this case, does study enter the work experience? Not. Current regulations indicate that the calculation of the insurance period and the determination of pension accruals are taken into account only during the period of employment and other activities during which transfers to the pension fund were made.
Training, even if a citizen received a scholarship, does not provide for insurance contributions, so full-time training cannot be included in the length of service.
If a full-time student got a formal job, an employment contract is drawn up with him and he is paid a salary from which the employer deducts insurance premiums, then in this case, study is included in the length of service.
Russian law allows you to start working from the age of 14, so even school years can be counted in seniority.
Distance learning
In itself, correspondence education does not imply any payments, therefore, this period is not taken into account when calculating seniority. But study and seniority will intersect if a citizen during formal education is officially employed. This also applies to the moment when training takes place on the job. The employer provides the student with not only a workplace, but also all the privileges in the form of salaries, vacations, sick leave, as well as the opportunity to leave for the session while maintaining wages.
At the same time, deductions to the pension fund are made for the employee during the training. Therefore, does study enter into the work experience in this case? Yes, included. So it goes in parallel with work.
Postgraduate studies
According to Federal Law No. 125, postgraduate education, namely postgraduate study, is considered a form of education. Therefore, citizens with higher education can go on to study further in graduate school both in full-time and part-time studies. And earlier we found out that the fact of study is not counted in the length of service. Therefore, receiving a postgraduate education and without working anywhere, the citizen cannot count on seniority. The same applies to residency. It is considered an integral part of training and takes place separately from work.
But studies count towards seniority in the case of an internship. Its legislation regulates as specialization received after high school, within a year. Interns are appointed to this position by the head physician. The basis for work is an order for admission to an internship. Accordingly, the intern is paid a salary, and also the employer deducts contributions to the fund for his future pension.
Interns must comply with the internal work schedule, they have all the benefits that the rest of the medical staff have. Therefore, in the case of an internship, study is part of the work experience and is part of the work. This period should be taken into account when calculating a pension.
Education in specialized universities and seniority
First, consider who is entitled to rely on seniority pension accruals:
- a person who has reached the age of 45 by the day of dismissal;
- a person whose work experience exceeds 25 years;
- a person whose experience in the military, fire service, service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as institutions of the correctional system is 12.5 years.
Applicants who are under 25 years old and have secondary or special education are admitted to universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. When the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation pays for training, a contract is concluded with the applicant, which obliges him to conduct subsequent service for at least five years.
Earlier, the law established that specialized training is part of the work experience, that is, training was equated with work, and, therefore, experience was accrued.
Today, cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are partially equated with employees of law enforcement bodies, have some privileges for employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and after graduation they get the title, which gives them the right to have seniority while they are studying.
Education at a civilian university and length of service
Education, which takes place in a civilian educational institution in the educational areas of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is necessarily included in the length of service for the student himself. But if the training takes place in civilian areas, then the calculation here is completely different. In this case, two months of training as one month of service will be counted as length of service. The maximum period of study, which will be included in the length of service, is five years.
What gives reserve officers or female officers civil studies at the institute? The length of service (or length of service) in this case is calculated as follows: officers assigned to the service from the reserve and female officers who are not in the reserve receive six months of service for one year of study. This is on condition that there were military training departments in the civilian university where the training took place.
Including the length of service, and, therefore, the seniority will include those years of study when the person was enrolled in a specialized military university until the end of training.
What conclusions can be drawn? The training itself, both full-time and part-time, is not included in the length of service, and this period of time is not taken into account when calculating the pension. But in the event that during the period of study the student had official employment, it automatically falls into the length of service, as the employer made insurance contributions to the pension fund. A special situation among cadets of specialized institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Here, training is included in the length of service.