Water supply of a private house can be organized in various ways. If you have access to the central supply line, you just need to connect your own pipeline to it and, if necessary, supplement the circuit with a circulation pump for stable delivery of water under the desired pressure. But if this is not possible due to the remoteness of the main network, then the only way to ensure full water supply will be the installation of a well. The main functional component of this infrastructure will be the submersible pumping unit. How to choose a pump for a well? Many parameters should be taken into account from performance indicators to the manufacturer. The best option is a pump that meets local operating conditions and meets the requirements of water supply.
Why exactly submersible pumps?
The target segment of equipment designed for servicing wells and wells is submersible models. This is a wide group of pumps, which is also segmented into individual types. But initially, you should make sure that the rejection of surface models will indeed be justified in a particular case. Therefore, the first question in the choice can be posed as follows: how to choose a pump for a well based on its location? Surface models may well be used to pump water from the well by suction. Some models are installed near the source of water intake, while others are installed on the surface of the water with a float. Such an aggregate will justify itself in the case of a small depth of the well - about 8-10 m. This is the level of the Abyssinian wells. There are two reasons for choosing a surface pump. Firstly, such equipment will be located in conditions of direct accessibility for maintenance. And secondly, in this case, there is no need to calculate the design for specific parameters of the well. The pumping station can be located next to a narrow water intake opening without being submerged.
In most cases, borehole water supply is based on submersible pumps, which, depending on the type, can operate at depths of up to 100 m, when it comes to the everyday class. For artesian or filtration channels, only such water well pumps are used. How to choose the best model from this group? In this case, emphasis is placed on the volume of water supply, and on the size of the well itself, and on the installation depth.
Immersion depth as a basis for selection
Water supply of country houses is usually realized by equipment located at a depth of not less than 20 m.In contrast to surface models, which draw water at a shallow depth of up to 10 m, in this case it is precisely the rise of the resource to the surface and further distribution by consumption points. The average value of the working depth for submersible units can be called 30 m. Therefore, the most common question is how to choose a pump for a well of 30 meters. In the documentation for the equipment, the lifting height must be appropriate - this is the point at which the pump will be located. However, it is important to consider that the rise will be carried out only to the surface. That is, for further water supply, for example, on the second floor, an additional circulation unit or station with a hydraulic accumulator will be required.
A level of 40 m is considered borderline. Models that raise water from deeper lying points have increased power and are called deep. The maximum depths for household use are at the level of 60-70 m. Special units are already used up to 100 m. In order not to make a mistake in the correspondence of the nominal indicators of the lifting height, it is worth considering the pressure available to the downhole pump for the well. How to choose a model for this parameter? For this, the height of the so-called water column is calculated: the depth of water is added to 30, and another 10% is added to the resulting figure. This formula is based on the fact that a rise of 1 m is provided by a pressure of 3 bar. For example, if the height is 30 m, then the pressure of the water column will have to reach at least 66 m.
How to choose a deep well pump for a well?
Deep pumps, as already noted, means a group of units capable of operating at high altitudes from 40 m. Of course, you can use this technique at levels of 15-20 m, but in this case there will be excessive energy consumption. A typical submersible pump has compact dimensions and high power, however, the selection of such a model for performance should be approached responsibly. The immersion height must be calculated with an accuracy of 1 m. It is at this distance that the unit is placed relative to the bottom of the well. For installation, it will be useful to provide for a special circle with a diameter of 10-15 cm, on which you can install equipment. By the way, the diameter of the structure should be calculated with an accuracy of 1 cm. How to choose a deep pump for a well by the thickness of the casing? The average diameter of the borehole in private households is 20-40 cm. The pump should not be selected close to a specific value. It should leave 2-3 cm for free immersion. An optimal calculation can be made for the hole in which the nozzle is provided. In fact, this is a vertical pipeline channel, into the cavity of which you can easily lower the cylindrical pump.
How to choose a well pump according to the passport of the well?
After completion of the drilling of the well and its technical arrangement, the user is issued a special passport. It indicates the parameters according to which the pumping equipment should be selected. One of the primary characteristics of the well is the depth of the hole and the aquifer. This indicator has already been mentioned above - it provides the basis for choosing a unit for the height of the rise in water. This also applies to the diameter of the well, along which the thickness of the cylindrical design of the pump is selected.
The passport also indicates the values of the level of occurrence of water and flow rate. The choice by level is determined by the distance from the surface to the immediate occurrence of the water mirror when the pump is on. This is a statistical indicator, but the dynamic level should also be taken into account. How to choose a pump for a well by dynamic water level? To begin with, it is important to understand that this indicator determines the same distance from the surface of the well to the water mirror, but only at the time of its pumping. This value should be taken into account when choosing equipment in depth. In contrast to the statistical level of water occurrence, dynamic gives an idea of the actual height of rise in the process of pumping water. The difference between these levels can be several meters.
Selection of equipment for debit
The flow rate expresses the volume of water that, in principle, is available for pumping, taking into account the intensity of filling the well with water. How can this indicator be useful in the selection process? It makes it necessary to have a dry run function in the pump. That is, productivity will be the key performance indicator in this context. How to choose a pump for a well in terms of productivity and flow rate? The daily water consumption is taken into account, the indicator of which must correspond to the nominal value of the pump performance. But at the same time, it is important to add 15-20% to the amount of volume pumped over 1 hour in order to eliminate the risk of equipment overload. Another nuance is also taken into account. If at high power at a dynamic level, the unit will empty the well faster than filling it, then the risk of breakage will increase. Pumps running without water often fail, but some models also provide automatic shutdown in this case.
Centrifugal Pump Selection
The basis of the centrifugal pump mechanism is formed by the combination of the central shaft and the group of blades connected to it. One or more pump wheels providing a working moment can be attached to this design. By creating a centrifugal force with pressure drops, the mechanism of the equipment also ensures the pumping of water. The design is quite simple, but effective and profitable when used in private areas with shallow wells of 20-30 m. How to choose a pump for this type of well? First of all, the well passport is also studied, the data of which are compared with the characteristics of a particular model. In particular, it should be based on the design of the unit, its ability to raise water in height, environmental requirements, etc.
What to consider when choosing a vibrating unit?
These are relatively cheap models that have low maintenance requirements and at the same time provide high performance. That is, initially you should choose the unit taking into account the high flow rate, otherwise the potential of the equipment will not be realized, but then there will be a need for a regular shutdown of the pump. You should also take into account the warnings of engineers from the use of such equipment in the bore holes.
The fact is that vibration models work with the transmission of vibrations to adjacent structures. The casing closest to the pump is the structure into which it is immersed. Accordingly, vibrations during continuous operation can distort or destroy the pipe. In addition, vibration provokes sanding and silting processes, and this harms not only the pumping equipment, but also the borehole. How to choose the right pump for a vibration type well to eliminate negative operating factors? From the point of view of operating parameters, the choice is made according to the same principles - taking into account productivity, lifting height, flow rate and other indicators. But the vibration effect cannot be completely eliminated anyway. As practice shows, even the provision of casing pipes with damping materials is not able to drastically minimize the destructive processes. Therefore, preference should be given to this type of pump only with the expectation of temporary use.
What else to consider when choosing?
Even if the pump has been carefully selected in accordance with the requirements of the technical data sheet of the well, there is no guarantee that it will function properly without the right approach to the selection of associated equipment. This mainly concerns the pipes and the cable holding the pump. As for pipes, today the optimal solution is considered to be plastic - in particular, polypropylene. This material is especially recommended in clay soil conditions, as the metal deforms faster and corrodes. It is advisable to choose a cable made of stainless thin steel. But here another question arises - how to choose the right deep pump for a well that is prone to casing collapse? Accidents at private wells, unfortunately, are not uncommon. And besides direct working qualities, attention should be paid to the quality of the equipment case. It should be made of high strength steel. Plastic in this case is undesirable, as it is inferior to metal alloys in terms of strength.
Top manufacturers
Experts recommend the products of firms "Rucheek", TAIFU and "Aquarius". In the line of the company "Rucheek" there are a lot of household models of borehole pumps designed for lifting water by 30-40 m. It is an inexpensive, but reliable equipment, demonstrating high performance. TAIFU, and in particular the STM12 and 4STM2 modifications, will be the optimal solution specifically for adverse operating conditions. They have average performance, but for home use, this technique will pay off both in application for irrigation and for domestic water supply. If there is a question about how to choose a submersible pump for a well taking into account a large number of consumers, then the Aquarius brand should be preferred. Standard models of this manufacturer are capable of serving about 5-6 points with a capacity of 1.8 m 3 / h.
Conclusion
Providing a home with an autonomous water supply system is a crucial task, which should be addressed taking into account many factors. The main direction in the choice should be directly the parameters of the well. Technical indicators, coupled with the requirements for water delivery volumes, will determine the basic set of characteristics of the target submersible pump model for the well. Which unit to choose from the point of view of functionality and the availability of protective functions is also an important issue. To begin with, a full set of electrical protective devices should be provided, which may be included in the equipment package. This applies to grounding and automatic shutdown. Next, you can move on to ergonomics and pump control. The optimal solution may be interfacing with a relay, which will also allow you to program the operation of the equipment depending on the level of filling of the well and current requirements for water consumption. The presence of such an ability to control the unit minimizes energy costs and increases the life of the equipment.