Varieties and types of beans. Photo and description

Such a well-known culture as beans is among the ten most consumed foods in the world. This unpretentious and productive crop can be grown in almost any climate and on soils of any composition. There are a huge number of varieties and forms of it. Below in the article and consider what types of beans there are (with photo). Perhaps this will help one of the summer residents to decide on the choice of a specific variety of this wonderful culture.

Main classification

Today, biologists know more than 250 types of beans, annual and perennial. They are classified, first of all, into two large groups:

• Phaseolus L (American).
• Vigna Savi (Asian).

The second variety of beans is characterized by pods of very long length and small seeds. This crop is cultivated mainly in Asia. In European countries, Russia, South and North America, Phaseolus L. beans were most widely used. Its main distinguishing feature is short pods and rather large beans with a characteristic beak.

Varieties in the shape of a bush

Currently, beans can be grown in the world:

• weaving;
• curly;
• bush.

All these types of beans are quite popular with domestic summer residents. The main stem of weaving varieties can reach a length of five meters. Curly beans are a little shorter. Its whips grow during the season no more than 2 m. Shrub varieties are quite compact plants. Their height usually does not exceed 30-60 cm. This variety, in turn, can be strongly or slightly bushy.

Types of use

In the gardens of Russian summer residents, you can often see ordinary peeling beans. It is grown exclusively on beans. However, recently in our country the varieties of this culture cultivated to produce green juicy shoulder blades are becoming more and more popular. The following types of beans of this group are:

• asparagus (siliculose) sugar;
• semi-sugar.

In the pods of the first variety of beans from the inside there is completely no reinforcing dense parchment layer. That is, they do not have a rigid fibrous tissue, the presence of which is characteristic of all hull varieties. Such blades can be fried, stewed or cooked. They are also eaten raw or in summer salads.

A light taste of asparagus is what distinguishes string beans. Types of it, like shelling, are diverse (curly, bushy, climbing). But all of them, due to this unusual taste, are called asparagus.

Sugar beans are very similar to chilli beans. At the very beginning of growth, its shoulder blades are also completely devoid of a hard fibrous parchment layer, and therefore can be eaten. The difference between this variety and sugar is only in the fact that as it ripens, the parchment layer in its shoulder blades nevertheless appears. Therefore, such beans cannot be delayed with the harvest. The coarsened pods of semi-sugar varieties can, however, simply be left on the lashes until mature beans are obtained.

Decorative form

Different types of asparagus and peeling beans give delicious shovels and beans. However, in the gardens of Russian summer residents, another very interesting form of this culture is often grown - decorative. Beautifully blooming bean varieties are used most often for decoration of various kinds of vertical surfaces in yards and gardens. It is customary to plant decorative varieties near hedges, arbors, terraces, next to fountains, etc. There are two main types of such beans:

• multi-flowered;
• garden.

All varieties of decorative beans have one very interesting feature: the shade of the buds of this plant always coincides with the color of its fruits.

Bean Varieties

Bean seeds can have a variety of shapes, sizes and colors. The number of beans in one pod can also be different - from three to seven. In the temperate latitudes of Europe and Russia, unpretentious varieties with white seeds are most often grown. Farmers in South America and Asia prefer to cultivate dark beans.

By the size of the beans, this culture can be classified into three main groups:

• small seed (1 thousand beans weighs no more than 200 g);
• medium seed (200-400 g);
• large seed (more than 400 g).

Different types of beans can have white, black or red beans. Varieties with variegated seeds are also found. The amount and ratio of substances useful to the body in beans of different colors may vary.

White beans

Beans of this color are characterized primarily by the fact that they do not contain too many proteins (per 100 g - 7 g). Therefore, such beans should definitely be tried to grow for people suffering from excess weight. It is good to eat white beans and senior citizens.

Among other things, the seeds of such beans contain a lot of iron. Therefore, their use in food helps to strengthen the cardiovascular system and the overall health of the body. It is best to cook beans of this color in combination with vegetables containing a large amount of vitamin C.

Types of white beans, like any other, are different. If desired, you can purchase seeds of bush, curly or weaving forms.

The best varieties with white beans

Almost all varieties of beans are grown using the same technology. The yield of this garden crop depends to a large extent only on the selected variety and the amount of time given to plants during the warm season. White bean is especially popular among summer residents. Accordingly, many varieties of it have been bred. The most popular are:

1. "Black eye". The fruits of this bean are very small. The variety is called so because there is always a small black dot on its white seeds. The skin of these beans is very thin, and therefore they are prepared quickly and do not even require soaking.
2. Chali. This variety produces quite large seeds, used mainly only for the preparation of second courses. The consistency of chali beans is very dense. And therefore, they can be safely boiled first, and then fry.
3. Nevi. This pea bean is appreciated for the fact that it contains a large amount of iron and fiber and has a very beneficial effect on the human body.

Red beans

Types and varieties of this culture must also be considered. Beans of this color are no less popular with domestic housewives than white ones. Red beans contain a fairly large amount of protein - 8 g per 100 g.

The main advantage of beans of this color is that they contain just a huge amount of antioxidants. According to this indicator, red beans are ahead of even currants. Actually, antioxidants are called special substances that protect the human body from harmful radionuclides and slow down the aging process. Thanks to their presence, it is considered one of the most useful crops of all grown by summer residents, red beans. There are different types of it. This color can have both ordinary and Asian beans. There are bushy and weaving varieties with red seeds. May have the same color and seeds of the decorative form of beans.

Best Red Bean Varieties

A variety of beans with such seeds in the suburban areas of Russian summer residents can also be seen quite often. The best red peeling varieties in our country are:

1. "Hurry up." Beans of this bean ripen in 55-60 days after planting. Their main distinguishing features are: a long beautiful and neat shape, a pleasant pink-red color.
2. "Tomato". This red bean variety is great for canning and cooking traditional Georgian dishes. Its fruits are brown, oblong and slightly flattened.
3. "Tashkent". This rather heat-loving variety is grown mainly in the southern regions of Russia. However, when using the seedling method, you can get good crops in the middle zone of the country. The beans in this variety are quite large.

Black bean

This variety is also grown by domestic summer residents, but much less often white and red. However, this does not mean that black beans are less useful. The protein in it, for example, contains more than in white and red (9 g). And therefore, if necessary, it can even become an excellent substitute for meat. Moreover, the proteins of black beans in their characteristics are close to animal protein.

The advantages of seeds of this color, among other things, include the fact that their use in food helps to normalize the chemical balance in the stomach.

Best Black Bean Varieties

Since this variety is grown by Russian gardeners not too willingly, and there are not so many varieties of it. The best available are:

1. Kidney. The beans of this bean are distinguished by their kidney-like shape and black (slightly reddish) color. After cooking, the skin of the seeds of this variety becomes very thin. In this case, the color of the beans also changes. Boiled seeds acquire a delicate pink tint.
2. "Preto." Seeds of this variety have a rich black color and a white hem. The beans are cream inside. The main distinguishing feature of this bean is its light berry aroma. The taste of preto beans is also original - sweet with bitterness. Cook this bean for a long time, at least 90 minutes, with preliminary soaking.

Different types of black beans, as well as white or red, can be curly, weaving, bush. They use such beans as food, usually in the form of side dishes. But very often they are also added to hot first courses. Black beans can make the taste of soups and borscht much more pleasant and rich.

What are the varieties and types of asparagus beans

This form, as already mentioned, is not too popular with domestic summer residents. However, asparagus beans in the gardens of Russians in recent years can be seen more and more often. Varieties of this variety also exist a lot. The gardeners of the middle zone of Russia are most likely to fit:

1. "The oil king." The pods of this early high-yielding variety are honey-yellow in color and completely devoid of fiber. The taste, judging by the reviews of summer residents, they are simply magnificent.
2. Sachs. This early ripening bush variety is also very popular among gardeners. His pods are green, slightly curved. The height of the stem of the sax bean does not exceed 40 cm.

The varieties discussed above are classified as bush. But there are very popular types of asparagus curly beans. These include:

1. The Golden Nectar. The blades of this early variety ripen on the 70th day after planting. The color they are yellow. The length of one pod can reach 25 cm. The mass of the whips of this bean are quite large. Therefore, it is recommended to back them up with something.
2. The Purple Queen. This is an unusually interesting variety, the pods of which have a rich purple color. The main advantage of the "purple queen" is a high yield, as well as excellent taste qualities of the shoulder blades.
3. "Winner". This bean during flowering is sometimes even confused with decorative. Pods of the winner variety are flat and very long (up to 30 cm). Since this bean is whimsical, only experienced summer residents should grow it.

Cultivated asparagus (siliculose) beans, the types and varieties of which are quite diverse, are approximately the same technology as conventional peeling. The only thing at the stage of blade growth is she needs more thorough watering.

Varieties of Asian Beans

According to its biological characteristics, it is similar to ordinary beans grown in America, Europe and Russia. The only difference is that its pods are longer and juicier. The most popular types of Asian beans are:

1. Mash. This variety is traditionally cultivated in Pakistan and India. Its distinctive feature is that its beans are very similar to green peas.
2. "Azuki." The birthplace of this harvested bean is the Himalayas. They grow Adzuki throughout Southeast Asia and Japan. Beans of this variety have a beautiful dark red hue.
3. Urd. The beans of this bean are somewhat similar to the seeds of "mung bean", but have a black color. The variety is very ancient. They cultivated it 4000 years ago. Currently, such beans are cultivated in India, China, Japan and many other countries of the Asian region.
4. "Serpentine peas." This is a very popular variety in Asia, giving very long pods.

Best Asian Bean Varieties

Of course, breeders as a very popular variety, breeders also did not bypass their attention. The best varieties of such beans are:

1. Macaretti This variety has very powerful lashes. The length of its pods in some cases reaches 35 cm. Among the merits of the variety, among other things, include unpretentiousness. Macaretti shoulder blades mature approximately 63-65 days after planting.
2. "Liana." This green bean forms shoots up to 3 m long, and therefore needs support. Its blades can be eaten both raw and heat-treated.

In addition to these two varieties, Chinese species of green beans "siji con 28/2 kontou" and "groik" are quite popular. These two hybrids give shoots with a length of not more than 1.5 m, and therefore do not need support. Bushy varieties of Asian beans "gasson" and "u-tya-contou" have also proven themselves well among gardeners. The height of these hybrids does not exceed 0.7-0.8 m, and the pods have a parchment layer. Therefore, they are grown exclusively on beans.