In the conditions of modern development, according to the constitutions of different states, executive power belongs to the head of the country and / or government. In some countries, for example, in the USA, only the head of state (president) is vested with it. In other states, executive power belongs only to the government. It is transferred (delegated) to officials and bodies of a lower rank.
In many states, in reality, the head (president or monarch) only formally holds the executive branch. In constitutional monarchies and republics (parliamentary), its implementation rests with the government. In semi-presidential (mixed- type) republics, the government reports to the head of the country in whose hands the general control over executive activity is concentrated, while the executive power itself, according to the constitution, can only be with the government.
The tasks of this branch of government include law enforcement. In other words, the executive branch is the enforcement branch.
The bodies included in the structure of this managerial branch are not limited only to the implementation of laws. They carry out administrative activities. This, in turn, is necessary to ensure performing tasks. In addition, bodies of the enforcement structure publish regulatory documents on the implementation and application of law and law.
Along with this, the executive bodies are also endowed with independent powers to create standards that may go beyond administrative and executive activities regarding the application of the law. Often such normative acts have a greater significance than the law. Thus, certain types of executive bodies (president, ministers, government) have regulatory authority (the power to regulate the internal life of the country) and create a large number of acts and norms to control the most important social spheres.
On the ground, the application and implementation of the law and law is carried out by the heads of subjects (governors) in the federation. Local governments are also being formed.
In comparison with judicial and representative bodies, the structure of executive bodies is composed in a single vertical. According to the system, subordinate bodies and officials are subordinate to those above and are obliged to fulfill their orders, and not just the norms of the law. Moreover, acts adopted by subordinate structures may be canceled by higher structures.
In the presidential and semi- presidential republics , the posts of prime ministers are formed. Prime Minister - a position separate from the President. Many executive functions are legally removed from the jurisdiction of the head of state. However, the president remains the chief government executive.
Executive branch bodies are ministries and departments. They have special competence in certain areas of government. As a rule, these bodies include the ministries of labor, defense, education, foreign affairs, agriculture, health and others.
The structure of ministries involves the creation of departments, directorates, departments, departments. Ministers appoint superiors to guide them.
In the structure of the state apparatus there is a category of ordinary (teachers, doctors and others) and classified employees. The classified category is endowed with ranks, ranks, special ranks, which to some extent reflect their financial situation and powers.
The official apparatus has the privilege of irremovability. When changing ministers or governments, officials remain in the service. They are forbidden to combine service in the state apparatus with other paid activities, except for teaching, creativity or science. They do not participate in political actions and are not members of political parties, thus preserving loyalty to the state.