To understand the essence and organization of executive power in a particular country, one should recall the theory of separation of powers, which was presented to the audience in the XVIII century by the French philosopher S. Montesquieu. In accordance with it, the main function of this branch of government is to enforce the laws adopted by the representative body. Those who exercise executive power in the country have a huge responsibility for building the foundations of a democratic state and for the consistent implementation of all the basic principles enshrined in the Constitution.
The executive branch of the Russian Federation, if we follow the most popular definition, is an interconnected set of state bodies, legal institutions and mechanisms of power that directly manage society and the state within the competence framework strictly defined by law. An important feature of this branch of government is that, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, it should be controlled by the legislative and judicial authorities, as well as by the President of the Russian Federation as head of state.
Based on the Constitution and federal legislation, the following signs of the executive branch are worth mentioning:
1. The executive branch of the Russian Federation is the most important and necessary link in the entire state vertical.
2. The powers of this branch of government are exercised by legally enforced state bodies, which simultaneously also act as bodies engaged in public administration.
3. The executive branch of the Russian Federation bears all legal responsibility for actions performed by its officials, as well as for decisions, orders and other normative acts.
4. All the organs of this branch of power are nothing more than an interconnected system in which the division of rights and duties between subjects of different levels is clearly traced.
5. Bodies that bear the burden of managing the state’s foreign and domestic policies have a so-called jurisdictional function, that is, they can, within the scope of their authority, evaluate the actions of public authorities and make decisions on legal disputes arising between these entities.
The system of executive authorities of the Russian Federation includes the main subjects of this type of state activity, whose interaction with bodies belonging to other branches of government, as well as between themselves, is carried out strictly in accordance with applicable law.
The executive branch of the Russian Federation includes bodies of three main levels - federal, regional and local. The first group includes the President, the Government and its constituent ministries, committees, services and agencies. The regional authorities should include the heads of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, committees and commissions. Finally, the third group includes local government bodies that solve the current problems of their cities, towns, and districts.
The executive power of the Russian Federation, as follows from the above, is a system of interconnected bodies and mechanisms of interaction between them, the quality of work of which directly depends on the degree of control over them by civil society and other branches of government.