The legal status of stateless persons and citizens of foreign states in the Russian Federation. The right of asylum. These issues will be considered in the article.
A citizen of another country or a stateless person (stateless person), of course, is endowed with all human rights and freedoms while in the territory of the Russian Federation, they have general obligations to the Russian Federation, but rights belonging exclusively to Russian citizens are not included in the scope of their rights.
Foreigners and stateless persons with a visa or other necessary and valid documents with which it is possible to verify their identity, recognized in the territory of the Russian Federation as an identification card of a foreigner, may be in the Russian Federation.
Sometimes foreign citizens and stateless persons do not have the right to be in the territory of the Russian Federation without a residence permit (a document is issued to the above categories of citizens and stateless persons with the purpose of proving their identity, and confirm their right to freely leave and enter the territory of the Russian Federation).
By applying to the competent authorities of the Russian Federation, a stateless person can obtain a residence permit.
After the document is received, a citizen of a foreign country or a stateless person acquires the right to leave the territory of Russia and the right to return to the territory upon provision of an identity document, as well as recognized by Russia as such.
There are some cases when a residence permit is not granted for a number of reasons.
1. For example, when a foreigner or stateless person with his stay in the territory of the Russian Federation can damage its defense or security. Or it poses a threat to public order. Or it can cause a danger to the life or health of the population of the Russian Federation.
2. A residence permit is not provided for those persons who were previously deported from the Russian Federation.
3. If the submitter of the application has not settled the criminal record under the article, which in the Russian Federation is considered grave or especially grave.
4. A citizen of another country applying for a visa or a stateless person is not able to confirm the availability of sufficient funds to live in the Russian Federation for the entire period of his stay in the country and for his subsequent departure from the Russian Federation.
5. If the competent authorities have decided on the undesirability of finding a person in Russia.
The expulsion of a citizen from the Russian Federation (deportation) is allowed as a response, an administrative measure in cases where this person has committed punishable acts on the territory of the Russian Federation.
The deportee is obliged to leave the Russian Federation immediately after the adoption of the relevant decision by the competent authorities within twenty-four hours.
The Russian Federation provides political asylum for certain categories of people.
Asylum can be obtained by a citizen of another state or stateless person in the event that in the country of permanent residence he is threatened with persecution for socio-political activities or beliefs that are consistent with the norms and principles that are recognized by the international community.
Those categories of people who preach racial or national hatred and intolerance, inhumane sentiments or ideas of superiority of some groups of people over others cannot apply for political asylum.
Citizens or stateless persons who have received political asylum simultaneously become carriers of all freedoms and owners of all rights, as well as all duties of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Except in cases where federal laws or international obligations of the Russian Federation do not provide otherwise.
To obtain asylum, you must provide an application and receive confirmation in the form of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation. The decree comes into force from the moment of signing.