The population of any modern state is a certain collection of people living in a certain territory and having many common features, for example, a single language, culture and so on.
Population models
Currently, the community of people is studied in many different disciplines: economics, sociology, medicine and others. It should also be noted that in order to simplify the consideration of such a question, demographic statistics describe three categories of the state’s population, otherwise called models: permanent, stationary and stable population. The first group is the main part of the people present in each country. This traditionally includes individuals for whom this place of residence represents the usual and familiar environment. The second type usually refers to the theoretical part of the population that exists when the coefficient of natural growth is zero, and the total number of people remains constant. The second type is a special case of the third, the essence of which is the presence of a theoretical population of people with a constant intensity of fertility, mortality and age structures. Thus, a person belonging to the population of a certain state can be simultaneously included in one or more of the previously considered models.
Statistical structure
This system implies the presence of four categories: permanent and present population, as well as temporarily present and temporarily absent people. The first category includes any person belonging to the population of a certain state and permanently residing in this territory, regardless of their real location at the time of registration. The second category includes each individual who is in the settlement in question at the time of registration, regardless of his place of residence. The category of “temporarily present” refers to such a population of the state (residents of the country) who at the time of making statistical calculations were in the territory in question, and the group of “temporarily absent”, in turn, consists of people who were not in their main place residence.
Categories in Economic Theory
Macroeconomics distinguishes only two main groups of the population: labor and non- labor . It should be noted that the first category includes any person belonging to the population of a certain state who can and wants to work, and is also actively looking for an employer for fruitful cooperation. These are individuals already involved in social production, and individuals who do not have the ability to apply labor efforts, but who make enough efforts to find a job. In turn, a person belonging to the population of a certain state, who does not have a job and does not seek to get it, belongs to the second group. These are children under 16 years old, people in prison, psychiatric and other special institutions, people with disabilities, full-time students, pensioners, housewives and others.