Founded in 1958, the Zavolzhsky Engine Plant specializes in the manufacture of gasoline and diesel car engines. Among the wide range of manufactured products, the ZMZ-523 engine is very popular in domestic engineering. Technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the motor of this series, as well as its description are presented in this article.
Acquaintance
ZMZ motors are special power units that are equipped with freight vehicles and cars. The demand for these products since the founding of the enterprise and to this day is quite high.
Motors are purchased: by the Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ), the aggregate plant in Ulyanovsk (UAZ) and the Pavlovsky Bus Plant (PAZ). Automotive products ZMZ is very reliable and easy to operate, which explains its high popularity in the domestic engineering industry. Unlike engines running on diesel, gasoline models were more in demand. They are represented by a rather diverse lineup. One of such units is the ZMZ-523 gasoline engine.
The beginning of design work
During the testing of the units, it turned out that the first automobile gasoline engines do not adequately meet the requirements for heavy wheeled and tracked vehicles. The company's management decided to develop a new line of motors. As a result, units equipped with V-shaped cylinders were designed. The first such engine was the ZMZ-402. It was created specifically for the 24th Volga. Subsequently, this motor was also installed on the Gazelle.
The ZMZ-523 unit closes the line. Technical characteristics of the manufactured equipment were highly appreciated in the domestic engineering industry.
Description
Serial production of motors ZMZ-523 was established after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The motor is an improved model of the outdated 511 series powertrain.
Specialists define the characteristics of ZMZ-523 as elevated. During the design work on the latest version of the reinforced carburetor engine, the designers took into account all the existing shortcomings from previous releases. ZMZ-523 is equipped with an eight-cylinder V-shaped engine, identical block heads and highly turbulent combustion chambers. Motors of this series are equipped with screw inlet valves.
Destination
Gasoline power units ZMZ-523 are equipped with industrial and civil type freight vehicles. Motors for GAZ-3307 trucks and PAZ buses are intended.
Technical characteristics of ZMZ-523
- The unit belongs to the type of inline motors.
- The engine runs on gasoline fuel. In the power plant of this series, you can pour gasoline of brands A-76 or A-80.
- A carburetor or injector may be used as an injection system for the motor.
- The power plant is designed for up to 4.67 liters of gasoline. This became possible thanks to a piston made to order for ZMZ-523, the stroke of which was increased from 80 to 88 mm.
- The unit has a capacity of up to 130 horsepower.
- The system is equipped with 16 valves.
- It is completed with four cylinders with diameters of 92 mm.
- Unit 523 has a high fuel consumption: 20.4 liters of gasoline are required per 100 km. This indicator depends on the characteristics of the injector ZMZ-523.
- The weight of the power plant is not more than 253 kg.
- The unit is equipped with a liquid forced cooling system.
- The cylinders work in the following order: 1-5-4-2-6-3-3-7-8.
- 294 rpm - maximum power ZMZ-523.
Injector tuning powerplant
The engine in any modern gas-powered car is equipped with such an irreplaceable part as an injector. Outwardly, it is very similar to the nozzle, which sprays a mixture of air and fuel droplets inside the combustion chamber. However, unlike the carburetor, the injector is characterized by smaller dimensions and design features. The difference between these details is still in the method of preparing the fuel mixture. In the carburetor engine, fuel is mixed with air, as a result of which 10% of the engine power is lost. The injection power plant uses high pressure when supplying fuel, which positively affects the engine power during acceleration and vehicle movement.
For the GAZ 3102 cars in the 1990s, the distribution type of injection engine ZMZ-523 was developed. The injector in this system distributes fuel to all four cylinders of four nozzles. Thus, each cylinder has its own nozzle. If the engine is equipped with a single-flow injection system, then the fuel to all four cylinders comes from one common nozzle.
Judging by the reviews of motorists, it is very rare to find tuning ZMZ-523. This is due to the fact that this power plant is equipped mainly with buses. Those who decide to modify the engine by replacing the injection system will also have to change the heads of the blocks on the cylinders.
Advantages
Judging by the feedback from vehicle owners, the following strengths are highly appreciated in the 523 Series engines:
- These power units have a simple design. Thanks to this, maintenance of the units does not cause any trouble for the masters.
- The motor is equipped with a novelty of the 21st century, which is a special system that provides high-quality air recirculation.
- The engine is completely harmless to others, since it is manufactured in accordance with the Euro-3 environmental standards.
- According to car owners, cars equipped with such an engine, moving at a speed not exceeding 60 km / h, can travel up to 530 km without additional refueling.
- Affordable price.
disadvantages
The weaknesses of the power units of the 523 series are:
- High fuel consumption and fuels and lubricants.
- ZMZ-523 is equipped with a carburetor, which, according to many consumers, very often breaks and fills cylinders. In such cases, experienced car owners recommend replacing the “native” injection systems with the same ones used in UAZ or GAZ vehicles, or injectors.
- The power plant is not able to develop fast speed. Judging by numerous reviews, its figure does not exceed 90 km / h. Nevertheless, this parameter cannot be completely considered as a disadvantage, since initially this motor was intended for freight transport, and not racing.
According to the owners of vehicles, despite the low cost of power units of the 523 series, their structural simplicity and unpretentiousness for maintenance, today these motors are considered obsolete. This is because with a large fuel consumption and high cost of fuels and lubricants, it became economically inexpedient to operate this power unit.
Overhaul
Despite the high endurance and good service life of the 523 series gasoline power plant, many car owners sooner or later have to repair it. Overhaul consists in the following operations:
- Powertrain washing.
- Disassembly and troubleshooting.
- Rubbing valves and fixing block heads on cylinders.
- Replacements of a damaged camshaft, piston group, stuffing box and stuffing boxes, distribution gears (metal and textolite), valve stem seals and oil pump.
- Engine assembly.
- Valve adjustments.
- Running in with stands.
- Motor settings.
After the overhaul is over and the power unit is installed, the master must fill it with engine oil. Experienced motorists recommend using water for the cooling system of a repaired motor. This recommendation is due to the fact that very often after repair in the engine pipes leak. If after filling the system with water the pipes do not flow, the master can use antifreeze or antifreeze. 21.5 liters are poured into the filling capacity of the cooling system. If the engine is equipped with a starting heater, then the car owner will have to add two more liters.
What to do if the engine has low oil pressure?
The owner of the vehicle is not always forced to perform major repairs. In some cases, it is completely optional to dismantle the power plant. A vivid example of this is a procedure such as replacing an oil pump. The car owner is notified of the need for its implementation by a special emergency light, which is located in the passenger compartment. It indicates that a low oil pressure has been detected in the engine lubrication system. The master can correct the situation by replacing the old pump with a new one, for the installation of which two nuts with studs are used.
What if the unit starts to stall?
Judging by the numerous reviews of car owners, often the intake manifold gaskets can let air through. This becomes noticeable at engine idle speed. With an increase in the number of revolutions, the power plant begins to twitch noticeably. You can verify the leakage of the passage collector, or “spider,” as it is called among car enthusiasts, by pouring water at the places of its landing.
To replace the intake manifold, the wizard must perform the following steps:
- Unscrew the fixing nuts and dismantle the spider. For its installation, special studs are provided.
- To rid the power unit of the old gaskets.
- Mount the intake manifold, equipped with new gaskets, in its original place.
- Firmly tighten the “spider” with fixing nuts.
How to replace gaskets on cylinder heads?
According to car owners, punched gaskets on block cylinder heads are not uncommon. The problem can be identified by the following signs:
- The cooling system loses fluid very quickly. However, its leakage is not observed.
- The power unit heats up and starts to tremble.
- The presence of exhaust vapor in the form of white and very thick smoke.
Correct the situation by changing the gasket on the cylinder head. To do this, the car wizard will have to perform the following steps:
- Remove the intake valve.
- Separate exhaust pipe.
- Take out the axis of the rocker arm.
Only after this will it become possible to remove the block head. Equipping this element with a new gasket, the master in the reverse order can mount it in its original place.
Recommendations for use
According to experienced motorists, thanks to the correct and careful use of this power plant, it is possible to significantly extend its operational life. From the car owner is required only careful attitude to the unit and the regular implementation of planned technical work. Mostly the vehicle is checked after a run of 20 thousand km. When to make major repairs of his equipment, each driver decides for himself. To delay this moment, you should:
- Change the oil regularly.
- Do not bring the power plant to overheating.
- Operate the motor in a gentle manner. Judging by numerous reviews, motorists do not exclude factory defects as a reason for the breakdown of the mechanism.
However, in most cases, like any other power plants, ZMZ-523 engines fail mainly due to improper care. You can save yourself from unnecessary troubles associated with overhaul and the purchase of expensive spare parts by operating the engine extremely carefully, as well as strictly adhering to the scheduled maintenance periods.