The furnace is a unique construction serving people since time immemorial. The craft of building stoves has become a real art. Well-chosen materials and mortar are the main condition for building a good furnace. The modern market for goods demonstrates various furnace mixtures that differ in purpose, properties, composition.
The advantages of furnace mixtures
Self-preparation of masonry mortar requires the purchase of all ingredients, observing their exact ratio when mixing is a complex and lengthy process. Therefore, it is more convenient to use dry formulations, although they are more expensive than do-it-yourself oven mixtures. They already include all the necessary components, you only need to add water (the instruction contains all the necessary information for this). Ready-made dry kiln mixes are growing in popularity. These compounds have two huge pluses that provide an advantage over conventional solutions.
First, ease of use - you just need to mix them with water using a mixer.
Secondly, eliminating the possibility of errors in the composition, which allows a person who does not have professional experience, to take up work and lay out the furnace without the risk of subsequent destruction and deformation, and a wide selection of this material ensures the ability to easily pick up everything that is needed.
Mixtures for furnaces
Starting the construction of the furnace, it is necessary to make the right choice not only of refractory material, but also of masonry mortar.
There are three types of masonry mortars:
- Heat-resistant solutions: resistant to deformation during heating / cooling of the furnace. Such solutions are designed for high static loads.
- Heat-resistant solutions: resistant to high temperature deformations, able to cope with both static and dynamic loads.
- Refractory solutions: combine the properties of the two previous ones. These mixtures are more versatile and able to withstand the effects of the highest temperatures.
Conventional
mortar is unsuitable for masonry furnaces due to its instability and rapid loss of strength under the influence of high temperatures.
Features of using a refractory mixture
Application of a masonry refractory mixture to the surface of stone or brick is necessary for the safe functioning of the furnace. It creates a sealed barrier to disrupt traction due to the possible entry of air into the furnace. Also, the refractory mixture minimizes the possibility of carbon monoxide penetrating into the living room, which in itself is a great danger to human life and health. Dry kiln mixtures always contain additives, a number of fillers (plasticizers can be added to increase ductility and elasticity during use). Types of solutions vary depending on the purpose of use:
- for stoves and fireplaces, carrying out facing of combustion chambers - clay sand or clay chamotte solutions;
- during the construction of chimneys and finishing works - sand-cement, clay-cement, lime-cement mortars;
- for the construction of foundations, chimney parts located above the roof - cement mixtures.
Due to the presence of special elements and additives in mixtures for fireplaces and stoves, the maximum integrity of the joints is maintained over a long period of time (the possibility of cracking is practically eliminated, but only if the solution is applied with a small thickness).
Brick for laying stoves
During the construction of stoves and fireplaces, building materials such as bricks can be used. To build the base of the furnace (firebox and chimney system) use the simplest clay solid brick (first grade).
The second grade of brick has a pinkish color, unfinished. It is used for the construction of minor parts of the furnace.
The third, the so-called iron ore, is dark brown, durable. Suitable only for the construction of the furnace foundation.
Self-preparation of the mixture
Given the conditions for the subsequent operation of the constructed stove or fireplace, it is possible to prepare the furnace mixture based on the following components:
It should be noted that the mandatory components of self-prepared mixtures are clay and sand. The plasticity of the material increases after the addition of milk of lime. Asbestos is used to increase strength.
The disadvantages of mixtures of this type are considered insufficient strength and unattractive appearance.
From time immemorial, the furnace has been a necessary attribute of human life, it helps to warm up on cold days and cook food. It is important to properly build it, observing the rules of construction. The use of dry compositions saves time and virtually eliminates errors that occur during the mixing of components for laying fireplaces and stoves.