To implement the tasks assigned to the state by the ruling elite, it is necessary to widely use its entire financial system. As a result, the entire state machine carries out activities for the purposeful and systematic receipt, distribution and further use of centralized and decentralized various monetary funds or, in other words, the financial activities of the state.
Based on the seventh article of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the most important, defining, meaningful goal of all this tumultuous activity is to create conditions that will ensure a person a decent life in his native country and free personal development.
The financial activity of the state is the fulfillment by it of the functions of the systematic receipt, distribution and further use of all financial resources for the implementation of the socio-economic direction in the development of the country, ensuring its security and defense capability. There are various methods for carrying out such activities.
The breadth of their choice depends on the following factors:
1) The subject of the relationship;
2) Terms of use of financial resources available to the state;
3) The conditions for their accumulation.
The methods of financial activity of the state can be conditionally divided into the method of collecting funds and the method of distribution of collected and its use. Among the methods of collecting financial resources, the most important is the collection of taxes. With the help of taxes, money is withdrawn without fail in a certain amount and in strictly limited terms. Another method of forced withdrawal of funds from the population and legal entities is mandatory contributions to state funds, for example, a pension fund or a social fund. insurance and similar institutions.
In addition to coercive methods, the state’s financial activity in terms of raising funds also consists in collecting voluntary contributions, for example, selling government securities (although the method with government loan bonds can only be called voluntary, since the state offers many mechanisms for distributing such securities, so to speak in a kind of voluntary-compulsory order), deposits in banks, donations and the like.
But for the distribution and use of material resources , methods such as financing and lending are mainly used. Financing involves repayable, but gratuitous provision of monetary resources, and lending involves both repayable and reimbursable provision. Financing is used exclusively for state organizations, but lending can be applied both to state and non-governmental organizations.
The financial activities of the state are carried out by all authorities, each within its competence. The State Duma, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopts laws governing all areas of economic relations. These laws, according to which the financial activities of the state will continue to be carried out, fall under discussion and approval by the Federation Council. The government of the country is the executive branch, which is involved in the development and presentation of the country's budget in the Duma, monitors its implementation and organizes this implementation, gives a report to the Duma, and pursues a unified financial, monetary and credit policy throughout the state. To carry out specifically financial activities within the Russian Federation and with its foreign partners, the Ministry of Finance of Russia, the Federal Treasury, Central Bank and the like financial institutions have been created.