Lumber houses can be built not only cheaply, but also profitably. In this case, most of the work is done independently. This applies to the assembly of the house itself, which involves the use of the principle of the designer. Screw piles at the stage of laying the foundation will need to be screwed into the ground, in this case, you will have to act on the technology of screwing ordinary screws. You may encounter some difficulties only when tying screw piles. This is due to the fact that during the operation it will be necessary to form a grillage, and the construction success depends on the quality of work.
Process theory
If you decide to install a pile foundation laid on screw supports, then you will have to work with a lightly loaded base. The design is suitable for low-rise timber houses, garages, sheds and one-story saunas. The bearing capacity of such bases is compensated by the impressive speed of construction and a modest estimate.
The foundation on piles has vertical supports and harnesses in the design, which are located horizontally. As for the supports, there can be 4 or more. Horizontal strapping is represented by grillage. It can be created from any material that is suitable for forming a beam. For this, the following are usually used:
The latter option forms the basis of the beam, a corner or channel can be made of metal, as for concrete, it is presented in this case in blocks. The binding of screw piles provides for the connection of beams between themselves and with a grillage. The success of this process will depend on compliance with the recommendations. The pile heads should be at the same level, which will be controlled when the supports are immersed in the soil. The width of the beam for the grillage should be 1.5 times more than the diameter of the piles. The third condition that must be observed is that the central axis of the supports must pass through the center of the beam.
Tying methods
The binding of screw piles may involve the connection of supports and beams using one of three technologies, including installation:
- for welding;
- threaded connection;
- clamps.
You can choose the technology depending on the design features of the beam material and the strength of the foundation. Tying screw piles with a bar is done quite often. However, many home craftsmen are wondering whether it is worth resorting to this technology if there are more durable and durable materials like concrete and steel. But timber is the best option for grillage frame and wooden houses. It has high heat resistance and impressive strength.
If the beam is treated with an antiseptic that can protect the material from decay, then such structures will be able to compete even with steel beams in terms of durability. Tying screw piles with a bar can be carried out according to one of two technologies, the first involves the installation of beams on a threaded pair, while the other involves fixing the elements of the grillage on the clamps.
Threaded mounting
Such a technique is applicable only when the foundation has a U-shaped top. A beam is installed in the recess of the flange and fixed with support through studs or self-tapping screws. A ruberoid or oiled cardboard is placed between the pile and the beam. You can connect the beams in the corners according to the classical technology: in the paw or bowl.
The fastening of the corner structure can be carried out using a groove and a ridge or tenon. For angular conjugation, you can use an external connecting element in the form of a corner. This technique allows you to save time that could have been spent on elements of the tongue-and-groove system. The correct binding of screw piles in this case consists in imposing a fastener on the outer corner. The fastening in this case is carried out by self-tapping screws to the mating bars.
Use of clamps
Fixing on the clamps is carried out in those systems that have piles without a flange as a base. In this case, a rectangular platform is welded over the pile head, where the beam of the grillage is laid. On top of the beam is a U-shaped clamp, the width of which should be equal to the corresponding value of the beam. The edges of the clamp, which will hang down, should be connected using a threaded connection or welding with a vertical support. In the corners, the beams are connected using a metal corner or by another technology.
Use of an I-beam and channel
If we are talking about a lightly loaded structure, then you can build a grillage from the channel. This should include:
- change houses;
- baths;
- sheds;
- garages.
Metal rolling grill and piles are tied by welding. All structural elements and bases are mounted on a circular seam. The assembly process involves the installation of a channel on the pile head, and you can position the element with side edges down. The binding of screw piles with a channel can also be carried out in the opposite direction, in which case the side faces will be directed upwards.
The first option provides sufficient strength. If the channel is positioned in this way, it will be able to resist lateral loads more efficiently. By turning the channels over, you will get the formwork, which is usually filled with mortar, forming a reinforcing belt for wall masonry. If you want to provide a grill with high strength, then in place of the channel you can use an I-beam of the same size. Channel bars and beams are joined in butt-to-butt corners - the welding method should be used. After completing the tying of the supports, the grillage must be coated with an anticorrosive agent.
Strapping board
Tying screw piles with boards quite often involves the use of coniferous wood, namely:
- larch trees;
- cedar;
- ate;
- pine trees.
The strengthening of the foundation in this case begins with the manufacture of a beam based on the board. Elements of the material are glued together and fixed with screws or bolts. Using thin boards, you must additionally give them plywood sheets. In order to achieve structural strength, it is important to ensure that the joints of the boards are on different piles.
The connection of the boards to each other is carried out in half a tree. Beams should be located on the edge and fixed by piles. If you decide to tie the screw piles using this technology, you can create internal, external and middle contours according to the Christmas tree principle, collecting and fixing elements in turn. Between the channel (if it has a place to be), the tips of the piles and the harness should be a waterproofing layer of roofing material. When the height of the harness exceeds 40 cm, additionally the base should be strengthened with a pipe.
Using a profile pipe for I-strapping
When deciding to do the I-beam strapping, one should prefer a professional material whose walls have perforations. The I-beam is tightly welded to the heads. Its advantage is high strength and low weight. If the binding of screw piles is carried out according to this technology, the trade union pipe can act as spacers in order to increase the life of the foundation. As a strapping, the pipe is welded from the outside along the perimeter of the foundation.
The need for strapping
Quite often, novice home masters ask themselves whether binding of screw piles is necessary or not. The fact is that the foundation on piles is a structure of supports that are deepened into the ground. Their installation can be carried out as carefully as possible, but even in this case they will not meet the requirements of strength and reliability. Under such conditions, the floor will help to skew during the operation of the house, but the binding will not allow the base to lose its strength, making it durable and reliable.
The harness is the connection and fastening of the construction pillars to each other. To do this, use the most robust building materials. For example, a beam allows you to get a solid foundation, which will be able to undergo impressive loads.
Conclusion
Another name for the harness is grillage. Today it is one of the options that is of high quality and reliability while strengthening the pile foundation. For the work you have to prepare roofing material and the construction level, as well as anchors and screws. Do not forget about the presence of a hammer and metal corners. The list of other materials and tools will be dictated by technology.
You can choose it yourself or listen to the opinion of professionals. The most optimal, according to many experts, is the use of clamps and threaded connections. But the binding of timber necessarily requires the use of antiseptic agents that will be able to protect the wood from destruction under the influence of bacteria and moisture.