In the special and reference literature, a parallel is often drawn between the words architecture and architecture. This is the art of creating, that is, designing and building structures of various purposes.
The role of architecture in society
The level of development of civilization, historical events, as well as the functional purpose of buildings affect the ideas embodied in architecture. Architecture is a form of art that has a direct impact on the spiritual development of society, the formation of aesthetic views of man.
It is known that architecture appeared much earlier than such forms of art as literature, music, theater. The period of the origin of architecture can be considered the times when a person first picked up a
stone ax and began to build a house for himself.
The development of modern architecture is possible only taking into account the centuries-old experience of masters of the past. It is for this reason that it is necessary to know the names of the great architects of the whole world, to get acquainted with the architectural monuments created by their hands.
Architecture in Russia
Russian architecture is an architecture that has peculiar features. Their features can be understood by the example of the construction of ancient cities and settlements, such as Nizhny Novgorod, Kizhi, Moscow, Vladimir, Suzdal, St. Petersburg.
In addition, in any other Russian city there are always buildings declared today monuments of architecture and architecture. The civic duty of the country's inhabitants is to preserve the history of their land and pass on this valuable legacy to the younger generation.
The buildings included in the architectural complexes of Russian cities, villages and villages were not of the same type. On the contrary, still they amaze with a variety of forms, design ideas. This is what is most attractive in the architecture of the past Russia.
Since ancient times on the territory of the state, there are two areas that distinguish architecture. It has wooden and stone architecture.
Tree in the architecture of Russia
Wooden huts, painted towers, carved platbands, high gates, churches - everything is associated with the image of Russia. It is this type of buildings that distinguishes its architecture.
This art, the construction of buildings made of wood, originated in ancient times. And first of all, it is due to the fact that the forest in most of Russia was the main wealth. Wood was always at hand of the master. The main tool of the architect was an ax, and wood is a material that can be easily processed.
Traditions in Russian architecture evolved so that the carpenter never repeated and did not copy the work that he had done at least once. Each building had the features of a new one, but the rich experience of the masters of the past was necessarily taken into account by the architect.
The secrets of mastery were passed down from generation to generation. Most Russian architects came from ordinary people. Without special training, they created masterpieces of wooden construction.
Stone architecture
With the development of cities, white-stone architecture replaced the wooden one. In Russia, this type of architecture began to develop intensively due to the fact that deposits of light limestone were discovered in the Moscow Region. Buildings from it were built in the capital itself, as well as in the cities of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality.
The centuries-old reliability test of this building material was successful. And today, buildings erected in those distant times, amaze with their strength, beauty, sophistication.
In the first half of the 18th century, when new cities were under construction, such as, for example, St. Petersburg, the development of new trends in stone architecture began.
It is known that at this time special importance is attached to the construction of monuments, palaces, public buildings. The cult architecture reached its peak. Temples, cathedrals, monasteries built in those days, in their grandeur, reliability of designs, sophistication of taste, are unparalleled today.
With the acquisition of skills in processing hard rocks such as marble and granite, the traditions of Russian architecture are changing. It is also influenced by the fact that among the architects working in Russia there are a lot of immigrants from European countries. Thanks to this, architectural ensembles built in Russian cities are gaining world fame.
Stone pages of history - this is the name of the heyday of architecture, when stone became the main building material.