Have you recently become the owner of your own vineyard? Sooner or later, you will have a desire to expand your land or upgrade plants to younger ones. Propagation of grapes can be done in several ways. The most universal of them is with the help of cuttings (chubuk). Consider this procedure in detail.
Methods of propagation of grapes
Today, three main methods are known:
- Purchase of seedlings in a nursery, horticultural store. The option is correct, but costly.
- Propagation of grapes by layering. The oldest method. It’s enough to just root the escape. However, in this way it will not be possible to obtain many new plants.
- Propagation of grapes by Chubuk (cuttings). This vegetative method helps to preserve all the taste properties of the parent grape.
Is it possible to grow grapes from seed?
But from the seeds the plant is not grown. This is primarily due to the fact that such grapes do not repeat the parental taste. And he begins to bear fruit much later. Therefore, seed reproduction is the prerogative of breeders to get new grape varieties.
Let's focus on the propagation of grapes by cuttings.
Winter breeding
Preparation should begin in the fall - during the pruning of bushes. The best period is after leaf fall and before the first frosts begin. The fact is that at this time the largest amount of nutrients accumulate in the cuttings. This will help Chubuk survive the winter cold without much loss.
To propagate grapes in winter, the following cuttings should be selected:
- Shoots that were the most fruitful in the summer.
- The diameter of the handle should vary between 7-10 mm.
- If you want to plant a Chubuk in open ground, choose an eight-shoot shoot. For other cases, you can focus on six.
- The distance between the nodes on the shoot is 8-12 cm.
- The length of the shoot should be decent, which gives more chances for successful engraftment.
- Damaged, curved chubuki should not be used better - they do not take root well.
It is important after cutting to make a small notch or other mark at the bottom of the handle. This will help determine where the bottom is, where the top of the plant is when planting.
After cutting, collect the cuttings in a bunch and leave them in water with water (it is best to use a well or rain) for 2 days. Then wrap them in wet cloth and send them to the cellar for storage. Suitable temperature is within + 4 ° C. Humidity is 100% (therefore, matter should be periodically wetted).
So the chubuki are stored all winter - you only need to turn them over occasionally.
Spring breeding
Many gardeners agree that the reproduction of grapes in the spring is the most successful. The plant already has time to take root in the summer, and by the fall - to get stronger in the cold.
Already 2-3 weeks before planting, cuttings are removed from the basement. Evaluate their suitability - click on the trunk with your finger. If a drop of water comes out, then he is ready to land. Also, a normal chubuk will be light green in color without dark spots.
Make a fresh cut on the handle, then lower it for 2 days in rain or melt water. Then the plant needs to be planted as soon as possible. The reproduction of grapes is further conveniently carried out using a bottle or plastic cups. We will analyze both of these methods.
Cups
We continue to analyze the reproduction of grapes at home. If you use glasses, get ready to do the following:
- Make 3 holes in the bottom of each container.
- Fill the bottom with 2 cm rotten leaves.
- Take a cup with a smaller diameter, cut out the bottom of it. Insert this container in the first. Sprinkle the gaps with earth.
- Fully lay the inner cup with sand and pour it. Now remove this container.
- In the sand, make a narrow hole 4 cm deep. A stalk is inserted into it.
- Make a top coat of dry sand.
- Finally, cover the landing with a dome from a plastic bottle without a bottom and a neck.
Do not forget to water the seedling every 2 days. Dome-bottles can be removed after the first 3-4 leaves appear on the handle.
Bottle planting
And further on the reproduction of grapes at home. We will plant in plastic bottles like this:
- Cut off the part with the neck of the container.
- Punch holes in the bottom with an awl.
- Make a drainage layer 2 cm thick.
- Soil is poured behind it - about 8-10 tablespoons.
- A stalk is placed in the substrate - so that its top is flush with the trimmed edge of the bottle.
- The top layer of the substrate is sawdust. Well, if they are steamed.
- In conclusion, we cover the landing with a dome from a plastic cup.
- The planted stalk is best placed in a saucer on the windowsill so that its “eye” is facing the sun.
This landing is poured through a saucer. You can remove the cupola when the chubuk grows and it becomes crowded in such a "house".
Landing
The last and most important stage of winter-spring breeding. Try to choose the southern or western side of the site for landing. There should not be tall trees nearby. It is best if there is protection against winds and low temperatures in the form of a building wall.
Further actions depend on the type of soil on your site. If it is black earth and clay:
- Dig a hole 80x80x80 cm.
- 1/4 fill it with humus mixed with the main soil.
- Dilute 3 liters of ash. Add there 300 g of potassium fertilizer and superphosphate. Soak the soil with the solution.
- Another layer of “humus-soil”, but now 2 times thinner than the first.
- The third layer is 5 cm. It consists only of soil.
- The pit should now be half full of substrate.
- Make a small mound in the center, on which vertically place the seedling. If it is more than 25 cm in length, it is better to place the stalk under a slope. Spread the roots.
- Fill with soil to the line of growth. Pour abundantly - 2-3 liters of water.
- Install a peg to support the plant. Tie a stalk to it, leaving one shoot.
The soil around up to 10 cm in depth must be subjected to loosening. Watering - twice in 2 weeks. It also needs to be accompanied by loosening and mulching.
If the soil is sandy, then the depth of the pit is up to 1 meter. The very first layer (20 cm) is clay. Watering is more plentiful - once in a week for 4 buckets.
If the trunk of the plant is still green, it is better to plant it in early June. If lignified, then it can be placed in open ground at the end of April, given the weather conditions.
Autumn breeding
Now let's move on to the reproduction of grapes in the fall. Imagine a step-by-step instruction - you need to start the action in advance:
- When the bush is flowering, cut the cuttings and place them in a bucket of water.
- Then each of the Chubuk is divided into several parts - each should have 2 kidneys.
- The cut shoots are again lowered into the water.
- Make an oblique incision on each chubuk, and then plant the cuttings either in separate containers or in a common box.
- In winter or fall, keep planting in the cellar. In the spring, they will immediately be accepted.
- In February-March, Chubuki transplanted into buckets. This stage is associated with their active development.
- In September, planting is ready for open ground.
- For planting, select shoots with a length of at least 40 cm with a diameter of 7-8 mm. A minimum of three 10-centimeter roots should extend from the chubuk. Mandatory absence of damage and the presence of matured kidneys is desirable.
- Prepare the pit in advance, cover it with a layer of drainage of 5-10 cm. Cover it with thick paper from above.
- Before planting, the seedlings are trimmed side roots, as well as part of the shoot, which will be above the ground.
- The graft will take root more quickly if you first soak it in auxin and then treat it with an antiperspirant. Both substances can be purchased at a gardening store.
- Be sure to spread the roots before planting. Shoots should face south.
- Water abundantly, fertilize the plant. The top layer of the substrate should be humus.
- After planting, cover the soil around the plant to trap moisture and ensure an acceptable temperature, cover with dry grass or hay. In addition, it can be insulated with needles, peat or sawdust.
Methods of propagation by layering
Layers are artificially rooted lower shoots that are located in the ground without disconnecting from the parent bush until the seedlings are “ready”. Depending on the nuances of this case, there are several ways:
- horizontal;
- half green;
- green;
- dry;
- Chinese;
- horizontal;
- Katavlak;
- deep and so on.
Layering propagation algorithm
An operation is performed before the appearance of kidneys on the vine. The simplest algorithm is as follows:
- Make a groove 15 cm long and 20 cm deep near the mother piece.
- At 3/4, fill the groove with humus mixed with soil.
- Lay the vine along the hole, fixing it with wire, slingshot or other device.
- Sprinkle the shoot with soil mixture and pour water mixed with manganese.
- Cover the layers along its entire length with foil. Do not remove it until leaflets appear above the ground.
- Tie the young shoots to the pegs, regularly water them during the summer. Pinching will cause them to mature.
- In the fall, the layering is dug up, divided into parts. The root of each future seedling is lowered into the clay solution, after which the shoots are sent for winter storage.
Propagation of Girl's Grapes
Wild (or girlish) grapes - this is a vine that is used in the decoration of suburban buildings - houses, gazebos, household units. There are several ways to reproduce it.
Cuttings. Last year’s shoots of girl’s grapes are divided into 15-centimeter segments. Before the first internode, they go deep into a mixture of peat and soil. The plant should be regularly watered and protected from drafts. It can be planted in open ground next spring.
Layering. An escape is taken at least 3 meters long. It is placed in a furrow (depth - about 3 cm), strengthened at its ends, sprinkled with earth. Green leaves should be visible above the surface of the soil. The plant must be watered abundantly. And wait for its rooting - this requires 1-2 seasons.
Seeds In the spring, before planting, stratification is needed - keeping in the refrigerator. In autumn - daily soaking in water. Planted in a substrate to a depth of 2 cm.
Seedlings. It is necessary to prepare a pit 60 cm wide and 50 cm deep. At 2/5 it is filled with large gravel or broken brick. This is drainage. The rest is a mixture of soil, peat and sand (2: 2: 1). A distance of 1 m must be maintained between two adjacent seedlings.
So we sorted out the popular methods of propagation of grapes - cuttings and layering, the usual fruit and wild decorative. Choose the method that is most simple, suitable and easy to implement for your specific case.