Any organization that operates a heat supply system should be able to carry out commissioning. There are several basic steps to carry out this operation, as well as one important element - the throttle washer.
Step one. Calculations
It is worth noting that two identical heat supply systems do not exist. However, certain patterns were observed that are repeated during the adjustment of the thermal system. The first step in more than 90% of cases is when the hydraulic calculation is done. There are several options for this operation.
Option 1. Manual version of the calculations. In this case, you need to have at hand all the necessary reference books, and the calculation is carried out step by step on each required section of the network. If on any segment the wrong answer arises, then it is necessary to change the parameters and conduct computational work again. The main disadvantage of this work is the long lead time, and the process itself is very time-consuming.
Option 2. An expensive electronic computer is bought, which is able to carry out all the calculations accurately and quickly. It will take only some time to study it, and then the necessary parameters are simply entered.
Option 3. Currently, there are organizations that provide services specifically for calculating all the necessary network parameters.
Step Two Readiness
At the second stage, it is necessary to determine whether the thermal system is ready for adjustment. In order to carry out this step, you must resort to the installation of a throttle washer. There are several types of mounting.
The first option is based on the fact that the company does not rely too much on the calculations and the results obtained. In this case, the washers are installed in some places that need to be checked. It is worth noting that the diameter for each device will be rounded. Moreover, rounding will occur towards the drill with the largest diameter. However, experts say that this method is terribly inefficient. It’s best not to use it at all.
Mounting Washers
There are two other verification methods. The second option is the production of throttle washers with a clear bore diameter. After their manufacture, they are installed in the system. In this case, you have to mount about 100 washers, if not more. Therefore, it often happens that installation workers skip up to 10 devices. However, even in this scenario, the data obtained will be quite correct. The percentage of measurement error in this case will be equal to 20-25% in either side.
The third option is to install an adjustable throttle washer. In this case, some have the question of why to carry out the calculation if the washer is adjustable. The answer is quite simple. When conducting computational operations, you need to find out if the value falls into the diameter of the device. This operation is necessary, since the diameter of the throttle washer can vary from 5.5 to 18 mm.
System defects
Naturally, no one is safe from mistakes, and such a situation can always arise. For example, after starting the heating system, it will be seen that for a certain number of consumers the actual consumption is much higher than the calculated one. In such a situation, the following must be done. It is immediately necessary to determine which devices were used during commissioning. If all throttle washers are unregulated, then do the following.
A complete recount of all problem areas is carried out. The devices installed in them are removed, the diameter of the holes of the device changes, after which they are mounted back. After this, a recount is carried out, in which, most likely, about 20% of consumers, and not 40, will be problematic. Most often, the third adjustment does not work, since the heating season is already underway. Because of this, some people have heating problems.
Adjustment with adjustable washers
If during installation throttle washers were installed, which are subject to adjustment, the process will take only a couple of days, and it will be more efficient to carry it out. You need to do the following. For a certain period of time, the duration of which depends on the inertia and the load on the heating network, you need to adjust the device. It is important to note here that it is possible to carry out adjustment work without disconnecting the consumer from the source. It is necessary to carry out such a setup process at each facility for which the actual consumption does not coincide with the calculated one. After the commissioning works are fully completed, the devices that are regulated are sealed, and their setting values are written next to them.
As practice shows, conducting quality adjustment work on heating with throttle washers is possible only if they are all adjustable.
Device design
If we talk about the design of this device, then it has the following form. Appearance is a steel disk whose thickness is 14 mm, and in the middle there is an oval hole. In addition, there are two rods that are located diametrically with respect to each other. They are discharged through the side sealing holes. When these elements are fully connected, they partially close the oval hole located inside the disk. In addition, these rods can radially move inside the washer.
Changing the position of these parts will also change the bore of the hole in the disk. If they are completely retracted, that is, closed, then the cross section will be 5.5 mm. If you fully open these parts, then the diameter will be equal to 18 mm. The throttle washer is installed between the flanges. It is also important to note that it is possible to limit the movement of the rods if you seal a part. In addition, such devices are additionally equipped with keys for adjusting the cross section.
Device purpose
The main purpose of the adjustable throttle washer is to set up a heat supply system. A distinctive feature was the fact that the installation of such devices allowed changing the characteristics of the heating network without its depressurization. This type of washer allows you to change and also fix your throughput.
If we compare the characteristics and application of this unit with others, it is completely similar to such a device as the manual balancing valve MSV-F2. The only difference between them is that the washer cannot be used as a stop valve.
It is important to note that after such washers are installed in the thermal system, the total consumption in them is reduced by 1.5-3 times. Due to this, it is possible to reduce the number of pumps in operation at the station. All this leads to the possibility of saving electricity, fuel, etc. A throttle washer is made according to the drawings.