Attractive appearance of the garden or garden is a natural desire of any owner of their own land. Breeders offer many types of flowers, from small forget-me-nots to tall lupins. Tsimitsifuga - a plant that can become a decoration of the landscape. A variety of varieties will help to choose the most attractive option for the site.
Description
As soon as this flower was not called: a simple tsimitsifuga, black cohosh, wolf berries, simple Voronets, black berries, a stink. In ancient times, in Russia, to remove bugs, it was used as an insecticide. The Germans Silberkerzen came up with the most accurate name - silver candles. It reflects the essence of his beauty.
The first description refers to 1705. He was led by Royal Professor Leonard Pluknet, who combined the post of gardener at the royal court of the times of Queen Mary II. The tsimitsifuga plant (photo in the text) belongs to the genus Voronets, a family of buttercups. 15 species are known, 10 of them are actively used in cultural gardening.
Flower Features:
- Perennial. At one place can live up to 20 years.
- The stalks. Erect, smooth, large, grow up to 2 meters (individual species - up to 3), up to the base of inflorescences - bare, in cross section - rectangular.
- Root. Well developed, thick, powerful, multi-headed, with many roots. In dried form it is used as a medicinal raw material.
- Leaves. Large, wide, basal, complex - usually triple, have cirrus-complex lobes. Leaf plate up to 12 cm, oval in shape with two to three deep serrated protrusions. Very fishnet, with a glossy sheen, dark green or green color. The arrangement is alternate, on one plant grows up to 70 leaves.
- Inflorescence. The narrow serpentine brush in some species reaches 60 cm. It develops in late spring - early summer at the top of the stem (from 3 to 10 inflorescences).
- Flowers. It begins to bloom in June, some species in September-October. A cool summer can slow down the process, but tsimitsifuga - a plant that even non-blooming attracts attention with its decorative leaves. The flowers are white, small, equipped with numerous stamens, their length is 3 mm. When blooming, the pericarp petals fall off.
- Fetus. A dry leaflet in which 8-10 oblong-shaped seeds are placed in two rows. The fruit itself is up to 10 mm long.
Cultivars
For cultural gardening use ten varieties of plants. The most common are:
- Atropurpurea. Has a strong branching of peduncles, dissected leaves are first red-brown in color, then turn green, the flowers are snow-white.
- Braunland The highlight of the variety is dark brown leaves.
- White Pearl. The leaves are twice dissected, light green, peduncles with lush snow-white inflorescences, strongly curved.
- Cimicifuga americana. Planted since 1822, height up to 150 cm, leaves are dark green, matte. Inflorescences are long, narrow, racemose, cylindrical. The flowers are small, silver, cream and white.
- Frau Herms (Hansa Herms). Dwarf variety, up to 40 cm high, flowers - snow-white.
- Brunette. It has stems of the original purple color, up to 2 meters high. The same shade is present in the color of leaves and flowers. The inflorescences are compact, only 20 cm long.
- Pink Spike. This is a relatively new variety, different beetroot leaves , white flowers of the same shade, look like pinkish-white.
- Elstead The stems are brownish-purple, have a bulbous bend. Blooms late, with white flowers.
- Hillside Black Beauty. Leaves with a pronounced brown tint. Feature - absolutely vertical peduncles, white flowers.
Wild growing
In nature, it grows in the Far East and the Japanese islands, in Western Siberia, Transbaikalia, Northern China, the Eastern regions of the USA, Mongolia. It grows on acidic soils rich in organic matter. Grass and fallen leaves serve as fertilizer and protection from the drying of the earth.
Common representatives of wild species of tsimitsifugi:
- Daursky. Prefers light forests and edges of the Far East and Transbaikalia. It has a thick many-headed rhizome. The stems grow up to 1 meter, the leaves are ternate, large. Blooms in July-August, the inflorescence is a brush (simple or complex).
- Racemose. Grows in eastern North America. A large plant, stalks reach 2 meters in height, the bush grows to 60 cm. Large serrated foliage along the edge, snow-white flowers with a delicate honey aroma. Blossom begins in July.
- Plain. It can be found in forest glades, in mountain thickets. The stems grow along several of the rhizomes, reaching a meter height. It blooms in August if the summer is warm. Stem foliage - on long stalks. Feature - drooping inflorescences and very beautiful "carved" leaves.
- Hogweed. Halo habitat - mixed forests of the Far East. Large plant, often exceeds two meters in height. It blooms in early September.
Growing
Tsimitsifuga - a plant unpretentious and hardy. Place for landing choose protected from the wind. Black cohosh loves the sun, but calmly tolerates partial shade. Determining the "place of residence", take into account the future size of the flower. In diameter, it grows to 60 cm, in height - up to two. The soil prefers slightly acidic or neutral, light and necessarily moist.
Tsimitsifuga is a long-lived plant, in one place it grows up to a quarter of a century. Reproduction is easiest to accomplish by dividing the bush. This procedure is repeated once in 4-5 years. Early spring or late August is the best time for this.
Care
Proper care will ensure the flower has a long life. Tsimitsifuga is a plant (planting and care will not take much time), which deserves the attention of a gardener. It will look equally great both in compositions and in a single landing. The main works:
- the soil under the flower is mulched;
- abundantly watered in hot weather;
- fed with organic fertilizers;
- in an open windy place they build supports for peduncles;
- dry inflorescences are cut;
- in the fall, the stems are pruned.
Transplanting is not recommended. Weeds do not survive near a powerful bush, diseases and pests do not bother. Winter hardiness is good, but it is better to cover decorative varieties and high rhizomes for the winter with fallen leaves.
Healing properties
Tsimitsifuga - a plant, the use of which was found in medicine. Chinese medicine highly values the quality of the flower; North American Indians have long used it to treat many diseases. Today, doctors recommend it with:
- weakened immunity;
- edema and tumors;
- diabetes mellitus;
- atherosclerosis;
- cataract
- gynecological diseases.
It prevents the development of osteoporosis and arthritis. It can significantly improve the condition of a patient with diseases of the cardiovascular system. This effect is achieved due to the presence of the following components in the flower:
- saponins;
- flavonoids;
- tannins;
- sterols;
- resins;
- alkaloids;
- phenol carboxylic acids.
In oriental medicine, a decoction of black cohosh is popular. It helps with toothache and skin rashes.
Garden design
Many people like black cohosh. Tsimitsifuga (photos of a single landing are available in the text) confidently regains its right to be considered one of the most attractive tall crops for use in landscape design. In 1993, the Royal Horticultural Society awarded him the title of Award of Garden Merit.
According to the advice of experts, it is worth following some rules when planting a flower:
- for single landings, the best option is two-meter giants;
- low-grade varieties are suitable for bordering (there are species not exceeding 40 cm);
- well in harmony with water bodies;
- be sure to consider the size of the bush;
- will serve as a natural decoration for a wall or fence;
- against the background of white inflorescences, neighbors with bright red or purple flowers will look great.
Plants create an openwork background, calmly tolerate the neighborhood with stunted coniferous trees, suffer shade. With the right selection, the black cohosh plant (tsimitsifuga) will help create unique landscapes and transform the garden plot beyond recognition.
Florists also love this flower and must include it in autumn bouquets. Airy inflorescences give them lightness, elegance, exquisite openwork.
Features
The flower has a number of features that distinguish it from other "residents" of the garden:
- does not require special care, resistant to pests and diseases;
- its stems should be well ventilated;
- over the years it becomes more powerful and pleases with abundant flowering;
- height depends on the variety;
- flowering lasts about a month;
- can be propagated by cuttings, seeds or division (every 4-5 years);
- at the slightest damage “spoils” the air with an unpleasant odor;
- needs protection from the wind, sometimes in tying or support for the stems (especially with a strong, gusty wind);
- in adverse weather does not throw out inflorescences.
Despite the inconsistent name, black cohosh for many years will be an ornament of any landscape.