Economical fluorescent lamps can only work with electronic ballasts. These devices are intended for rectification of current. There is a lot of information about electronic ballast (circuit, repair and connection). However, first of all, it is important to study the device device.
The standard model includes a transformer, dinistor and transistor. Quite often, a fuse is installed to protect the system. There are special channels for connecting lamps. The device also has outputs to which electricity is supplied.
Principle of operation
The principle of operation of electronic ballast is based on current conversion. The whole process begins after power is supplied to the channel. Next, the throttle enters the work. At this stage, the limit frequency of the device is significantly reduced. In this case, the negative resistance in the circuit, on the contrary, increases. Further, the current passes through the dinistor and enters the transistor. The result is a current conversion. Ultimately, the voltage of the required range for the fluorescent lamp passes through the transformer .
Diode Type Models
Models of the diode type today are considered budget. In this case, transformers are used only a step-down type. Some transistor manufacturers install open type. Due to this, the process of lowering the frequency in the circuit does not occur very sharply. Two capacitors are used to stabilize the output voltage. If we consider modern models of ballasts, then there are operating-type dinistors. Previously, they were replaced by conventional converters.
Two-contact models
This type of electronic ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp differs from other models in that it uses a regulator. Thus, the user is able to adjust the output voltage parameter. Transformers are used in a wide variety of devices. If we consider common models, then there are installed lowering analogues. However, single-phase configurations are not inferior to them in parameters.
In total, there are two capacitors in the circuit for models. Also, two-contact circuits of electronic ballasts of energy-saving lamps include a choke, which is installed behind the output channels. Transistors for models are suitable only capacitive. On the market they are presented as a constant or variable type. Fuses in devices are rarely used. However, if a thyristor is installed in the circuit to rectify the current, then you can not do without it.
Ballast circuit "Epa" 18 W
This electronic ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp includes a step-down transformer, as well as two pairs of capacitors. There is only one transistor for the model. Negative resistance, he is maximum able to withstand at 33 ohms. For devices of this type, this is considered normal. The 18 W electronic ballast circuit also includes a choke, which is located above the transformer. The current transistor is a modular type. The clock speed is reduced with the help of a tetrode. This element is located near the throttle.
Ballast "Epra" 2x18 W
The indicated electronic ballast 2x18 (the diagram is shown below) consists of output triodes, as well as a step-down transformer. If we talk about the transistor, then it is in this case provided for an open type. There are two capacitors in the circuit. Another 18 W Epr electronic ballast circuit has a choke, which is located under the transformer.
Capacitors are standardly installed near the channels. The conversion process is carried out by lowering the clock frequency of the device. In this case, voltage stability is ensured by a high-quality dinistor. In total, the model has two channels.
Ballast diagram "Epra" 4x18 W
This 4x18 electronic ballast (circuit shown below) includes inverting capacitors. Their capacity is exactly 5 pF. In this case, the negative resistance parameter in electronic ballasts reaches 40 Ohms. It is also important to mention that the throttle in the presented configuration is located under the dinistor. The transistor in this model has one. A transformer for rectifying the current is used a step-down type. Overloads he is able to withstand large ones from the network. However, the fuse in the circuit is still installed.
Ballast Navigator
The Navigator electronic ballast (circuit shown below) includes a single junction transistor. Also, the difference between this model lies in the presence of a special regulator. With it, the user will be able to adjust the output voltage parameter. If we talk about a transformer, then it is provided in the circuit for a step-down type. It is located near the throttle and is fixed on the plate. The resistor for this model is selected capacitive type.
In this case, there are two capacitors. The first one is located near the transformer. Its maximum capacity is 5 pF. The second capacitor in the circuit is located under the transistor. Its capacity is equal to as much as 7 pF, and it can withstand a negative resistance maximum of 40 ohms. A fuse is not used in these electronic ballasts.
Electronic ballast circuit for transistors EN13003A
The electronic ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp with transistors EN13003A is today quite common. Models are produced, as a rule, without regulators and belong to the class of budget devices. However, the devices can last for a long time, and they have fuses. If we talk about transformers, they are suitable only for lowering type.
A transistor is installed in the circuit near the inductor. The protection system for these models is mainly used standard. The device contacts are protected by dynistors. Also, the electronic ballast circuit at 13003 includes capacitors, which are often installed with a capacitance of about 5 pF.
Using step-down transformers
An electronic ballast circuit for a fluorescent lamp with step-down transformers often includes voltage regulators. In this case, transistors are used, as a rule, of an open type. Many experts value them for their high current conductivity. However, for the normal operation of the device, a high-quality dinistor is very important.
For step-down transformers, operational analogues are often used. First of all, they are appreciated for their compactness, and for electronic ballasts this is a significant advantage. In addition, they are characterized by reduced sensitivity, and small network disruptions are fearless for them.
Application of vector transistors
Vector transistors in electronic ballasts are used very rarely. However, in modern models, they are still found. If we talk about the characteristics of the components, it is important to note that they are ways to keep negative resistance at 40 ohms. However, they cope with overloads quite poorly. In this case, the output voltage parameter plays a large role.
If we talk about transistors, then for these transformers they are more suitable than the orthogonal type. They are quite expensive on the market, but the power consumption of the models is extremely low. In this case, models with vector transformers in terms of compactness significantly lose to competitors with lowering configurations.
Integrated Controller Circuit
Electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps with an integrated controller is quite simple. In this case, the transformers are used step-down type. There are two capacitors directly in the system. To lower the limit frequency, the model has a dynistor. The transistor is used in an electronic ballast of an operational type. Negative resistance, it is able to withstand at least 40 ohms. Output triodes in models of this type are almost never used. However, fuses are installed, and in the event of a power outage they help a lot.
The use of low-frequency triggers
The trigger for electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps is installed when the negative resistance in the circuit exceeds 60 Ohms. He removes the load from the transformer very well. Fuses are very rarely installed. Transformers for models of this type are used only vector. In this case, the lowering analogs are unable to cope with the sharp jumps of the maximum clock frequency.
Directly dynistors in the models are installed near the chokes. In terms of compactness, electronic ballasts are quite different. In this case, a lot depends on the components used. If we talk about models with regulators, then they require a lot of space. They are also capable of operating in electronic ballasts with only two capacitors.
Models without regulators are very compact, but transistors for them can only be used in the orthogonal type. They differ in good conductivity. However, it should be borne in mind that these electronic ballasts in the market will cost the buyer expensive.