The Republic of Kyrgyzstan or Kyrgyzstan is the only parliamentary republic in Central Asia. What features does it have? We will talk about its state and administrative structure in the article.
A little bit about the country
The Kyrgyz Republic is located within two mountain systems (Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai), on the ridges of which the main borders of the state pass. The neighbors of the country are Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, China and Tajikistan.
Many parts of Kyrgyzstan are still a mystery, because the mountains cover three quarters of its territory. It is located at an altitude above 400 meters above sea level. The area of the country is 199 thousand square kilometers and occupies 87th place in the world.
The capital is the city of Bishkek. It is also one of the largest cities in the state. The official currency is som. The constitution does not establish a single nation-wide religion. The country is home to 6 million people. The population speaks Kyrgyz and Russian.
Administrative device
The administrative division of the republic is divided into several levels. The first - the highest - includes two cities of republican significance and 7 regions. The largest are Osh and Jalal-Abad oblasts with a population of 1.1 and 1 million inhabitants. The city of Osh and Bishkek have republican significance.
On the second level are four intra-city districts of Bishkek, regional cities and districts. In total, the Kyrgyz Republic has 40 districts and 13 cities of regional significance. In each district there is a main district city. They also include rural districts and urban-type settlements. In rural districts, as a rule, includes several villages, a total of 423.
The main city of the republic is located in the Chui valley in the north of the country. Here is the parliament of the republic. Approximately 950 thousand people live permanently in it, taking into account labor migration - 980 thousand. The population of the city is growing rapidly. The main reason is the migration of people from other regions.
2010 revolution
The Kyrgyz Republic was a presidential republic. However, in 2010, a revolution took place in the country, during which the current government was overthrown. In the same year, a new constitution was adopted, which defines Kyrgyzstan as a parliamentary-presidential republic.
Public unrest and outrage began on April 6 and was supported by opposition forces. The main reasons were the dissatisfaction of residents of the state with increased tariffs and low living standards. The government was accused of increasing authoritarianism.
The new constitution has reduced the president’s political influence and empowered parliament. Former President of the Kyrgyz Republic Kurmanbek Bakiyev emigrated to Belarus. After that, the Provisional Government headed by Roza Otunbaeva was appointed in the country.
Government structure
Currently, the republic is headed by Almazbek Atambayev. The President can be elected only once, by popular vote. Elections are held every six years. The head of state announces and signs laws, nominates candidates for the position of Supreme Judge, and represents the country in the international arena.
The Government of the Kyrgyz Republic is headed by Prime Minister Sooronbai Jeenbekov. He is appointed by parliament by majority coalition or by representation of a parliamentary faction. The Parliament of Kyrgyzstan is called the Jogorku Kenesh. It consists of 120 deputies and is elected for a period of 5 years.
He owns the most important and responsible decisions in the country. Since 2005, it has included only one chamber. Parliamentary elections are based on party lists. Any citizen of a state with suffrage who has reached the age of 21 may become a deputy.