The use of liquid fuel as an energy source for heating systems is not always justified, but in some situations there is simply no other way. In this case, in order to save on space heating, an oil burner is installed in an existing heating boiler, which uses fuel oil, oil, diesel fuel, kerosene and a mixture of these materials as a combustible material.
Distinctive features
In order for the acquisition to meet expectations, it has served for a long time and in good condition, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the selection of this equipment, as well as to study the nuances of work and the requirements.
A liquid fuel burner usually consists of three elements - an air fan, a heating chamber, and a nozzle with ignition electrodes. In addition, the fuel pump and lines, uninterruptible power supply and voltage rectifiers can be included in the structure of the design.
Due to the fact that the liquid-fuel burner uses viscous materials as a fuel, which also emit a large amount of carbon monoxide, soot and fumes during combustion, a number of requirements are imposed on it.
Requirements
Firstly, the fuel must have a certain consistency before it is fed to the nozzle. The heating chamber copes with this task. In some cases, this function is assigned to the fuel pump, which makes the mixture circulate between the combustion chamber and the fuel tank.
Secondly, overpressure must be maintained in the combustion chamber for constant and forced air circulation - otherwise the draft will disappear and the flame will go out. To solve this problem, the oil burner is equipped with an air fan.
Features of functioning
The principle of operation of the equipment is simple. Fuel with the help of a fuel pump enters the heating chamber, where it acquires the necessary viscosity, and then it is fed to the nozzle. At the same time, the fan blades “catch” air into the combustion chamber, thereby blowing it. A vortex of air determines the shape of the flame, its intensity. Carbon monoxide and combustion products are discharged into the street through a chimney, and the resulting energy heats the coolant.
A feature of the operation of the plants is that the fuel tank and the liquid fuel burner itself can be located separately from each other and even in separate rooms. The distance between these two elements affects the power of the fuel pump.
The process of burning a combustible mixture is accompanied by a loud noise. Therefore, some owners of country houses prefer to install systems in a separate room and even in a separate building.
Design features
According to the design, the devices can be block and monoblock. The liquid fuel burner is a separate element, i.e. the fuel pump, heating chamber, fan and fuel tank are supplied separately from each other. This gives a wide scope for combining various types of elements. As a rule, such equipment is used where a high power flame is needed, most often in industrial enterprises.
Monoblock burners are ready-to-use devices. A fuel pump, a fan, and nozzles are located simultaneously under one housing. All that is needed to get started is to install and configure the equipment.
Monoblock designs are referred to as low-power liquid fuel burners. They are used for heating private dwellings, housing and communal services for heating apartment buildings, wherever low-power installation is required.
Management methods
Another feature is the combustion control system. Depending on the installed automation and design features, liquid fuel burners for boilers can be:
- Single-stage - they work only at 100% power; to regulate the heating temperature, you must periodically turn on / off the boiler.
- Two-stage - operate in two main modes: 100% and 30-40% of maximum power. When the maximum temperature is reached, the automation reduces the intensity of combustion to a certain level and maintains the flame until the boiler cools down.
- Smooth-stepped - the principle of operation is similar to the previous one, but the change of operating modes does not occur spasmodically, but gradually, as the coolant is cooled / heated.
- Modulated - the composition of such systems includes a microprocessor, which studies the temperature of the air and the level of viscosity of the fuel, depending on these indicators increases or decreases the power of the flame.
Both single-block and block-type liquid fuel burners can have in their design one of the presented control systems. This affects its cost, fuel consumption, durability, reliability and maintainability. Choosing the best option, you can save on heating your home.