Temperature and diarrhea in a 2-year-old child is a dangerous combination of symptoms. Diarrhea in babies in their first years of life can lead to severe dehydration. Therefore, parents are strictly not allowed to self-medicate. Timely assistance will provide an opportunity to save the life of a child.
If a two-year-old child has fever and diarrhea, this may indicate various pathological processes in the body. Consider the most common options.
Dysbacteriosis
In a healthy two-year-old child, intestinal microflora is 85% represented by bifidobacteria. If the composition of the flora changes, dysbiosis develops. The pathological process is manifested by belching, abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea. Statistics show that such a violation occurs in 25% of patients younger than three years.
The causes that lead to the development of dysbiosis in babies are very diverse. Violation of the intestinal microflora in a child may be associated with complications of pregnancy in the mother. The risk of developing pathology increases if a woman does not eat properly during gestation, and does not give up smoking. Dysbacteriosis often develops in premature babies.
Acquired dysbiosis in children of two years old can develop against the background of poor nutrition, as well as prolonged treatment with antibacterial drugs.
What to do?
If a child is diagnosed with dysbiosis, first of all, parents should pay attention to nutrition. Sour-milk products must be included in the diet. The consumption of animal proteins, sugar, fast carbohydrates must be limited. With complicated dysbiosis, when there is a temperature and diarrhea in a child of 2 years old, it is not possible to do without medications. Probiotics help normalize the intestinal flora. If such therapy is ineffective, antibacterial drugs from the group of macrolides, cephalosporins can be prescribed.
In rare cases, candidiasis dysbiosis is detected in children. Treatment is with antifungal drugs. Often ill children are shown vitamin therapy and spa treatment.
Prevention of dysbiosis in a child, a woman should pay attention to at the stage of pregnancy. You need to eat right, avoid stressful situations, have a good rest. To avoid problems with the intestines will be possible with early application and the newborn to the chest.
Parasites in a child
Temperature, diarrhea, and vomiting in a 2-year-old child may be associated with the development of a parasitic disease. One of the most common helminth infections in babies is ascariasis. The pathological process develops due to the ingestion of roundworm eggs. Infection is carried out by the fecal-oral route by swallowing ascaris eggs. The greatest risk of infection occurs in the summer and autumn. The disease provokes a lack of quality hygiene. After contact with land or plants, children put their hands in their mouths, swallow the eggs of the parasites.
At the initial stage, ascariasis can proceed without symptoms. Temperature, diarrhea, vomiting in a 2-year-old child - all these signs indicate that a large number of parasites are present in the body. In addition, symptoms such as sternum pain, dry cough, allergic reactions (itching and skin rashes) may occur.
Enterobiosis is another common worm disease. The pathological process is caused by small roundworms that enter the body and multiply in the intestines. The main manifestations of the pathological process are diarrhea, itching of the perineum, abdominal pain.
How to get rid of parasites
When detecting worms in a child, anthelmintic drugs are used primarily (Nemozol, Veromox, Pirantel). The dosage is determined by the doctor in accordance with the form and stage of the disease. Treatment should be carried out not only for the child, but also for relatives in contact with him.
A prerequisite for the successful removal of helminths from the body is proper nutrition and compliance with personal hygiene rules. During therapy, the baby needs to change underwear and bedding daily. Before eating and after using the toilet, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
Food poisoning
If your child has diarrhea, fever, and a stomach ache, these symptoms may indicate food poisoning. The pathological process is caused by the use of low-quality products. Unpleasant signs cause toxins secreted by pathogens. Poisoning can also cause poisonous plants or fungi.
Due to the rapid multiplication of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract, inflammation and intoxication develop. In addition to abdominal pain, the baby may experience severe vomiting. This condition threatens to dehydrate the body, help to the child should be provided immediately.
The most dangerous is mushroom poisoning. The first symptoms appear within 30-40 minutes after ingestion of the product inside. The baby becomes tearful, his coordination of movements is disturbed. The life of a small patient depends on the correct first aid.
Help with food poisoning
High fever and diarrhea in a child are symptoms in which it is necessary to call an ambulance. Even before the doctors arrive, it is necessary to try to compensate for the fluid and salt lost by the body. A two-year-old child should be given a teaspoon of clean water every 5-10 minutes. The salt balance will help restore the Regidron preparation.
In a medical institution, a gastric lavage is performed on a small patient, and enterosorbents are prescribed (Microsorb, Smecta, and Activated Carbon). Sparing diet is of great importance. After alleviating the condition, the child can be given rice porridge or mashed potatoes cooked in water, a boiled egg, biscuit cookies. It is necessary to observe the drinking regimen. Restore the state of the gastrointestinal tract after poisoning will help tea, dried fruit compote, simple boiled water.
Particular attention should be paid to prevention. The baby needs to wash his hands thoroughly before eating, give him only high-quality products that are stored in the refrigerator for no more than two days.
Acetonomic syndrome
If symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, vomiting in a child are observed, the cause may be associated with the development of acetone syndrome. The pathology is due to a violation of metabolic processes in the baby's body and the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. The pathological process is manifested by repeated vomiting, diarrhea, a specific smell of acetone from the mouth. 5% of children aged 1 to 12 years are prone to the development of such a disease.
Acetonomic syndrome can be a consequence of diabetes mellitus, brain tumors, toxic liver damage. The pathological process often develops against the background of prolonged starvation. If there is diarrhea and a temperature of 38 in a child, you should not self-medicate. The condition of a small patient may worsen.
Treatment tactics
If the child has diarrhea and fever, treatment should not be postponed. Babies with acetone syndrome are subject to hospitalization. Be sure to carry out dietary correction. Nutrition should be based on fast-digesting carbohydrates and heavy fractional drinking. It is necessary to completely abandon animal fats. To neutralize part of the ketone bodies, enemas are performed with a solution of sodium bicarbonate. If severe dehydration is observed, infusion therapy is performed. Using a dropper, a 5% glucose solution is injected.
Symptomatic therapy includes the use of antispasmodics, antiemetics, sedatives. If therapy is performed correctly, the acetone crisis can be stopped in 3-5 days.
A child in whom acetone syndrome has already been observed once is shown preventive courses of multivitamins. To control ketone bodies in the body, you can independently examine the urine of a child using special test strips (can be purchased at any pharmacy).
Rotavirus infection
Temperature and diarrhea in a 2-year-old child - it is with these symptoms that rotavirus infection most often begins. This is an acute disease that occurs mainly with damage to the gastrointestinal tract. The pathological process can develop in any age period. But more often unpleasant symptoms are observed in babies up to 3 years old, who strive to “taste everything”. Rotavirus is a disease of dirty hands.
The incubation period of infection can last from several hours to 5 days. Symptoms, as a rule, develop rapidly. The kid becomes lethargic, drowsy, there may be a violation of coordination of movements. Within a few hours, the child develops a fever, severe vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain appear. For rotavirus infection, abundant foamy stools of yellow or green color are characteristic. The frequency of bowel movements can reach 20 times a day. The risk of dehydration increases.
Treatment of rotavirus infection in children
If vomiting, temperature and diarrhea are observed in a child, how to treat the disease correctly can only be suggested by a qualified specialist. When the described symptoms appear, you need to call an ambulance. Babies with severe rotavirus infection (repeated vomiting and diarrhea) are subject to hospitalization.
Treatment is aimed at restoring the water-salt balance in the body, normalizing the work of the gastrointestinal tract. Rehydration therapy is mandatory. The drug "Regidron" can be used. In addition, antispasmodics and antipyretic drugs are prescribed. Enterosorbents (Enterosgel, Atoxil, Activated Carbon) help speed up the process of eliminating toxins from the body. Probiotics (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria) help restore intestinal microflora.
The prognosis for rotavirus infection is generally favorable. The sooner parents seek qualified help, the faster they will be able to alleviate the condition of the child. Incorrect therapy at home can lead to dehydration of the baby's body, and this is already fraught with death.
Meningitis
If diarrhea and fever occur in a 2-year-old child, many parents first begin to treat an intestinal infection. In this case, correct diagnosis is of great importance. After all, the described symptoms can develop with other diseases. One of the most dangerous is meningitis. This is an infectious and inflammatory process affecting the meninges. At the initial stage of the disease, the child develops symptoms of general intoxication of the body, then vomiting, diarrhea appears. A small patient refuses food and drink, he has tachycardia.
Various pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) can cause meningitis in children. A potential source of infection is a sick person. The pathogenic microflora is transmitted by airborne droplets or by domestic means.
Suspicion of meningitis in a child is an absolute indication for hospitalization. The child is shown bed rest and absolute rest. The method of therapy is selected in accordance with the type of pathogen. Antibiotics or antiviral drugs are prescribed. To remove toxins from the body, droplet administration of glucose-salt solutions is performed.
Conclusion
Symptoms such as fever and diarrhea in a 2-year-old child can occur with various pathological processes. It is important to understand that such a condition is fraught with dehydration of the child's body. It is strictly forbidden to engage in self-medication. Proper therapy will be prescribed only by a qualified specialist.