The rough floor serves as a reliable basis for the subsequent installation of fine floor coverings - laminate, parquet, and other materials. Much depends on how well-constructed this floor is. If mistakes are made, then this will entail squeaks when walking on the floor, increased humidity in the room, and reduced service life.
Characteristic
Wooden draft floors are most often used in the construction of suburban cottages and houses. Wood has a fairly long life. This is true even for the most difficult climatic regions. Having arranged the floor, you can no longer worry that it can be deformed due to dampness, low temperatures in unheated rooms. After all, the tree dries perfectly due to air circulation through the foundation.
Device
The rough floor resembles a double-bottom suitcase. Under the outer part is another base. The final result depends on what this basic coverage will be. Bumps, slight curvature, various other defects will certainly manifest themselves in the future already on the finishing floors. A simple leveling of the base for the arrangement of the finishing floor is not enough - you need to build a work plan so that the rough base stands in place and does not deform.
To make a high-quality, durable, stable and even floor is not an easy task. But everything can be done. However, more recently, laying a rough floor was considered almost the most time-consuming stage of construction and repair work. But now the latest technologies are used in construction, which greatly simplify life.
Although the floors on the logs are no worse than the screed, we will see how to make a rough floor according to this design.
Structurally, the draft base may consist of several layers. This is a screed that is poured when it is necessary to hide the wiring. It is also a waterproofing layer that prevents the passage of water and moisture. There is also underlying for creating uniform loads. The interlayer serves as a link to the rough floor. And finally, sound and heat insulating materials are necessarily available in the design.
Wood flooring
To build a rough floor in a wooden house at a high level, the right materials are first selected. Choosing the right wood, you should pay attention to the fact that the material is not exposed to putrefactive processes, and also prevents the development of mold and fungi. Coniferous wood copes best with this. This is spruce, pine, fir, larch.
It is also important to use only carefully dried material. Humidity should not exceed 12 percent. If you lay wet boards, then there is a risk of getting an uneven base in the end. When the wood dries under load, its original form is lost.
Base
When planning to lay a rough floor in a wooden house, the first thing you need to start with the base base. If the floor will be arranged directly above the soil, then the boards need to be laid on the logs - these are longitudinal bars. Logs are laid in several ways. They can be mounted on walls, held on posts, stacked in embedded crowns and support beams.
Do not forget that in spacious rooms the lags should be fixed to the supports not only along the edges, but also between the supports. You can use support pillars that would support the lag between the walls. The more columns there are, the more reliable and durable the subfloor. But do not make them too much, it may require costs.
High-quality and inexpensive designs can be obtained if the columns are installed in increments of 80 centimeters. In this case, the beam size should be at least 150x150 millimeters.
Making support pillars
So, in order to lay the logs for the floor, it is necessary to make columns. The technology is not particularly difficult.
First of all, they start with marking work. On the foundation or base, on the walls should be noted the places where the logs will be fixed. Then pull the cords from one wall to another. Then they are pulled between other walls. It is necessary to observe the step for columns of 80 centimeters. Under the intersections of the cords on the ground or on the foundation, mark the places where the posts will be installed.
The formwork for the supporting elements is installed in the pit, which is pre-dug. The optimal size is 50-60 centimeters in depth, and also about 40 centimeters in width. When the pit is ready, make a backfill for the foundation. The bottom must be carefully tamped. Then sand is poured into the hole. The layer should be about 10 centimeters. Then pour the same amount of gravel. Each layer is carefully rammed.
The most difficult step is to prepare the formwork. Its height depends on what the columns will be from. It will be brick or concrete. In the case of bricks, formwork elements can protrude 10 centimeters. If the column is out of solution, the formwork should go directly to the very base of the log.
Next, you need to make a reinforcing frame - take a steel rod from 6 to 8 millimeters thick and tie it together. After concrete is poured into the pit. If this is only the foundation for a brick support, then you can not think about the horizontal level. But in the case of concrete columns, the tops should be flat.
After this, the concrete should dry. The surface of the pillars is covered with roofing material. At the same time, it is better to lay it in several layers. When the concrete is dry, the formwork is removed.
Lag laying
Before laying it is recommended to carefully process the wood with special antiseptic compounds. Process all the elements of the device subfloor.
Logs can be laid using several methods - on embedded crowns or on a foundation or supporting posts. There is also another method - on support tanks mounted on supports. The supporting part is used only when there will be a distance of not more than 60 centimeters between the lags. In any other cases, the structural strength is reduced.
The size of the lags should be selected based on the thickness of the insulation materials. Between the floor board and the insulation you need a gap of 30 millimeters. It is necessary for ventilation. The step between the lags for the floor depends on the thickness of the board. The thicker it is, the wider the distance.
If the lags are placed on a support, it is important to ensure that they are located as evenly as possible. It is also necessary to monitor the horizontal plane. Waterproofing materials that are pre-laid on posts will eliminate sounds.
If the logs sag, then wooden blocks are placed on the support and fastened. If the lag protrudes, then the protruding section is removed with a plane. The difference in height on the logs should not be more than one millimeter per meter.
Fasteners are carried out using self-tapping screws. But if the base or columns are concrete, then the lag is attached using the mounting bracket. A corner is attached to concrete on an anchor, and to a lag - on a self-tapping screw. The masonry order is simple - first install the so-called lighthouse lags, and then - all the rest.
Insulation
The device of the rough floor also includes a heater, as well as a waterproofing layer. All this is done with the help of modern materials. They fit into the space between the lags on a special substrate.
You can make a foundation using two methods. The first uses plywood, which is nailed to the bottom lags around the entire perimeter of the room. Thermal insulation will be laid on plywood.
The second option requires a lot of effort. First you need to nail the bars with a thickness of 20 millimeters. They are attached to the bottom of the lag. Next, boards are placed on the bars, and on the last - insulation.
Floor laying
We continue to learn how to make a rough floor with your own hands. The floor is made of plywood or board.
Putting boards is better off the wall. They are applied to the wall so that between there are about two centimeters. Then the boards are screwed to the lag. Near the wall, you can hammer a self-tapping screw directly into the board, and all subsequent ones - into the spike at an angle. The next part is inserted into the groove and then attached. Thus, you need to cover the entire surface. It is important that each board fits tightly together.