The costume is able to keep the secrets of its people for a very long time, it can tell a lot of interesting things about its carrier. Looking at the clothes of a certain people, you can find out almost everything about him. Mordovian national costumes are beautiful and elegant, but comfortable. What did they look like?
Men's suit
The costume of Mordovian men is very similar to the costume of Russian fellows, but there are still enough of their own characteristics. The basis of the costume is panar and ponkst (in a simple way, shirt and pants). The shirts worn every day were woven from coarse hemp fiber. The festive version of the panhara was made of linen fabric. Such a shirt was never tucked into pants, but only belted. The belt was most often leather and decorated with a buckle of their metal. A special shield was attached to the buckle, which was decorated with stones. The belt was not only a decorative function, it was also a hallmark of a warrior. Weapons were also attached to the belt.
In addition to the panar, Mordovian men had a white painted shirt (they called it mushkas or rutsya). Men's outerwear was a suman (fitted coat of dark color), a chapan and sheepskin sheepskin coats. The Mordovian national costume for men was not richly decorated; rather, it was modest. This can not be said about the women's costume of the people.
Women costume
Women's clothing designed for the holiday had a large number of elements. Sometimes women spent several hours dressing and, of course, could not do this without outside help. The national costume of the Mordovian female basis was a panar - a shirt without a collar, similar to a modern tunic. She was generously decorated with embroidery and girdled. Usually the belt was made of natural wool and had brushes at the ends. On top of the panhara women put on a sundress.
On top of the shirts, they could also wear rutsu (impanar, hoodie). Mordovian national costumes also had black tank tops, which were fitted and decorated with a lot of frills at the back. Their length was below the knee. Women's outerwear was not much different from men's attire. The female population also wore suman and fur coats, sheepskin sheepskin coats.
Mordovian hats
The Mordovian national costume, the description of which you saw above, will not be fully disclosed without a story about additional accessories, hats and shoes. Like many nations of the world, the Mordovians distinguished headdresses of married women and unmarried girls. Girls most often wore a forehead or cardboard bandage on their forehead. Such a bandage was fitted with fabric and decorated with beads, embroidery. On holidays, the girls put on a pekhtim - a hat decorated with paper flowers or beaded fringe. A crown cap of coins was common in some regions. The Mordovian national costume, the photo of which you can see on the page, had various options for hats for women.
Married women had to completely hide their hair. Most often they wore pangos - high hats. They were solid and had a conical or rectangular base. The bast base, covered in red cloth, was decorated with beads, chains of copper and, of course, traditional embroidery.
Mordovians also had sophisticated hats such as magpies. The canvas cap was richly decorated, but served as a lining for the main decoration. Only older women could wear it separately.
Mordovian jewelry
Mordovian national costumes could not exist without jewelry. Accessories are a very important part of any apparel. Mordovian women's jewelry is plentiful. What were they like?
- Temporal jewelry was popular - they were made of coins, beads and fluff. Such an accessory was attached to the headdress.
- Frontal jewelry - Mordovian girls loved fringe made from drake feathers. She was sewn to the braid. In the course were narrow fabric stripes, variously decorated.
- Nakosniki - most often made of beads.
- Headphones are circles made of birch bark or cardboard, covered with fabric and decorated with beads and embroidered flowers. Ears were decorated with earrings. Mordovian national costume, the photo of which is presented in the article, allows you to judge the diversity and brightness of women's accessories.
- Breast jewelry is very diverse. These were all kinds of beads, necklaces, collars and bead nets.
- Wrist jewelry - bracelets and rings.
- Thigh jewelery is a separate type of Mordovian women's accessories. Such jewelry could be with or without a roller. A rectangular canvas with a felt or cardboard sewn inside - this is a bullet or a pulax. On top of it was sheathed with beads, then layers of buttons and a gantry followed. After the black fringe was sewn, which had a length that reached the knee. Woolen fringe was mixed with chains of copper.
Mordovian shoes
Mordovian national costumes also had traditional shoes. The most common shoes of women and men of Mordovia were bast shoes. They were made from elm or linden bast and had special oblique weaving and low sides. Feet, which worked at home and in the yard, were woven from a wide bast.
On holiday, pointed-toed leather boots were put on with collections and a massive backdrop. Such shoes were made of raw cow leather. In the cold and snowy season, boots were in black, gray and white. The lower and upper footcloths wrapped feet and calves. If the weather was too cold, then onuchi wore on foot. Mordovian women began to use modern stockings late. They were crocheted or with a regular needle.
Mordovian national costume in the modern world
Some people are interested in the question: “Do representatives of Finno-Ugric tribes now wear such costumes?” Of course, now it is rarely possible to meet a Mordovian dressed in this way. Unless a doll in a Mordovian national costume can remind posterity of a bright past. National clothes began to go out of use at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Mordovians gradually moved on to modern, familiar clothes, borrowing individual parts or even whole suits of urban cut from the Russian people. Now in some regions you can still see people in national costumes, but this is a rarity and luck. For example, the Moksha tribe has both casual and festive versions of traditional clothing. And Erzyanki women wear such robes only for big holidays or concerts.
Mordovian costume is a real work of art. Since ancient times, the ability to dress correctly has been handed down from generation to generation, and now the remnants of the original past still live in the hearts of the inhabitants of the Finno-Ugric territories.