The process of creating new technology, starting with the formulation of technical specifications, is associated with the use of certain standards. Norms are mandatory within the established scope. The following types of standards exist:
- GOST - state.
- STP - types of enterprise standards.
- OST - industry.
Various types of standards are mandatory for use by institutions, organizations, enterprises of all business sectors. They apply mainly to norms, objects, parameters, designations, terms and other elements necessary to ensure the interconnection and integrity of different fields of science, production, and technology. In addition, certain types of standards apply to products of large-scale and mass production of intersectoral and widespread use. So, these elements should include:
- Norms and rules of a general technical and organizational-methodological nature. This group includes preferred numbers, series of rated voltages, frequencies, environmental requirements, and others.
- General requirements for products that have intersectoral use (for rational durability, resistance to external influences, etc.).
- The main operational characteristics, technical properties for groups of homogeneous goods, as well as methods for their control.
- Intersectoral norms and requirements for industrial sanitation and safety.
- Designations, terms and definitions of a scientific and technical nature.
- Categories and types of standards are necessary for systems of managerial, design, technical documentation, forms and structures of the organization of production, coding and classification of technical and economic information.
- State standards, techniques, methods of verification of measuring instruments, performance techniques, accuracy standards, rules for conducting state tests.
Types and categories of standards are approved by a special committee on certification, metrology and standardization (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation). In Russia today there are about twenty two thousand standards. All of them are placed in accordance with sections, groups, classes on the basis of the provisions in the state classifier.
For enterprises operating in a particular industry, the relevant standards are mandatory. They are also mandatory for those institutions and organizations that are consumers of goods of one or another industry.
The objects of industry standardization may include small-scale and serial production, certain types of goods, assembly units, parts, tools, and technological equipment. This group also includes general-purpose technical specifications, semi-finished products, materials, raw materials, implementation procedures and accuracy standards for products, technological processes for the intrasectoral use of a typical nature, technological standards.
Industry standards may limit the use of state standards for industry standard sizes, product ranges, and more. Along with this, the industry standards used cannot be lower than state ones.
Standards in one or another economic sphere are approved by the ministry, which is the leader in the manufacture of the corresponding product.
At the same time, the established standards are mandatory only for the enterprise that approved them. Standards can apply to product components, rules and internal standards governing the organization and management of production, product quality, as well as control and measurement techniques, tools, equipment and other elements.