Often, goods are transported by rail or road train, the dimensions of which are beyond the standard framework. They are called oversized, require special marking, fixing and stacking during loading. Dimension - what is it and what is it for? There are several main types of dimensions that serve to calculate the type of a cargo or equipment, and also allow you to take into account driving directions in problem areas.
Railway dimensions
Considering that trains travel in a strictly fixed direction and cannot turn in order to go around an unexpected obstacle, there are certain dimensions that relate to buildings, loads and rolling stock, which have clear and fixed dimensions.
The outline perpendicular with respect to the axis of the track, in which the train should be placed on the straight track, without leaving the parts outside this circuit, regardless of the load, is called the size of the rolling stock. These dimensions relate to wagons and platforms that are used on all types of general purpose railways of Russia and can only be operated on lines where devices and buildings meet the requirements of the overall dimensions of the structure.
Building Approach
Dimension - what is in relation to the approximation of buildings on the railway? The maximum transverse contour, inside of which, except for trains and other rolling stock, other elements of devices and structures should not go in - this is the overall dimension of the approximation of buildings.
Only parts directly related to the train (ensuring its operation) are excluded from this list. These include:
- Hill retarders for cars.
- Contact network.
- Adaptations of signaling and communications.
The placement of these devices within the overall space should be coordinated by elements interacting directly with them. Gosstandart provides for two types of dimensions of the approximation of buildings: "C" and "Sp".
Loads and equipment (sizes)
The dimensions and dimensions of the goods are governed by the loading dimensions. It represents the maximum transverse contour in which the cargo should be placed, without going out of any parts beyond the established standards. This indicator is close to that of rolling stock, but has large tolerances of 15 cm in width (340 instead of 325).
Products and goods that cannot be accommodated in accordance with the loading dimension are referred to as oversized items. Their transportation is carried out in the manner prescribed by the management of Russian Railways. In order to control the correct placement of transported objects at mass loading points (on access roads, in ports, at transshipment points), dimensional gates are mounted that control the freedom of passage of a loaded transport train.
Container dimensions
To ensure safety, efficiency and maximum productivity during loading, unloading and transport operations, all containers have certain fixed sizes, depending on the type. Below are the dimensions of the containers that are most often used for the transport of goods.
Standard twenty foot modification:
- External length / height / width - 6096/2591/2370 (mm).
- Similar internal indicators - 5935/2383/2335 (mm).
- Maximum weight (with packaging) - 24 tons.
- The maximum load is 21.92 tons.
- Volume - 33.9 cubic meters. m
Forty-foot refrigerator container:
- External length / height / width - 12192/2591/2438 (mm).
- Similar internal dimensions - 11555/2280/2286 (mm).
- Gross weight (maximum) - 30.48 tons.
- Container (weight) - 4.37 t.
- The maximum load is 26.11 tons.
Oversized cargo requirements and dimensions
Oversized cargo is a transported product, the size of which goes beyond the norms established by the relevant clauses of the rules of transportation, as well as the technical characteristics of the vehicle (TS). Such products are not intended to be transported by ordinary trucks or wagons.
As the rules of the road say, oversized cargo should be transported by vehicles whose overall dimensions have the following indicators:
- Width (mm) - 2500.
- In length (mm) - 20,000.
- In height from the level of the road - 4000 m.
If the dimensions, the dimensions of the cargo are more than four meters in width, it must be transported under the supervision and accompanied by the traffic police.
Limitations of vehicle functionality in terms of capacity:
- Height - 2500 mm.
- Length - 13 600 mm.
- Width - 2500 mm.
If at least one indicator is exceeded, the products are classified as oversized cargo. Dimensions in this case affect the cost of transportation.
Features
Knowing the concept of "size", what is it and what are its features, it is much easier to navigate the optimal choice of cargo transportation. Transporting goods that are larger than normative indicators is not always acceptable. All the pros and cons should be considered.
The advantages include the following:
- Carrier guarantees on the safety of products and traffic safety.
- The possibility of using a different type of transport, depending on the characteristics of the cargo.
- As a variant, railway rolling stock can be operated.
Among the disadvantages there are such aspects:
- The complexity of installation and stacking of cargo, the dimensions of which do not make it possible to optimally place it on a transport platform.
- The need to coordinate such transportation with the Federal Road Transport Service.
- High price.
Ways of transportation
Dimensions of equipment or other goods that exceed the normative dimensions require an individual approach to their transportation in each case.
If the product has an excessively large mass, then it is appropriate to use platforms with the proper load rating and the maximum possible number of axles, which serve to protect against deformation of the roadway and ensure the distribution of weight over the entire cargo plane.
Oversized cargo can be transported by special vehicles (ferries, barges, transshipment vessels, truck tractors with increased power, special railway rolling stock).
Conclusion
In the transportation of goods, it is very important to consider any size. What is he, was discussed above. In short, it can be summarized that the standard size is a guideline, exceeding which requires a different approach to the transport of goods, taking into account its width, length, height and weight. These same parameters mainly affect the choice of the vehicle that will be transported. At the same time, vehicles must be equipped with special signs and plates warning of oversized cargo.