Living in your own home has undeniable advantages that are difficult to overestimate. However, the owner has the responsibility of creating safety and comfort. To maintain the required temperature in the premises, autonomous heating of a private house is necessary. Previously, a conventional stove was enough to heat small rooms, but in modern conditions this is not always suitable. Depending on the heated areas, appropriate energy sources and devices for their application are required. A solid fuel boiler is quite suitable for a summer residence. It can even be of its own manufacture, so that you can admire the open flame in the evenings. So do many summer residents who prefer exotic solutions. In the case of a country house, it all depends on its attendance and the location of nearby energy sources. The necessary comfort will provide autonomous gas heating of a private house, which is economically feasible and does not require the preparation and storage of fuel. Also, it does not require much labor and time for repair and maintenance.
Autonomous heating of a private house. What type of heating to choose?
Before building a house, the question always arises of choosing a heating method. First of all, you should decide on the source of energy and the cost of it.
Types of energy
Any house warms the coolant that moves throughout the premises. He gives off heat, heating the room. It can be liquid circulating through pipes, air supplied to the premises, electric current supplied to heating devices. Each energy carrier has its advantages and disadvantages. The most important indicator is profitability. Autonomous heating system of a private house is most often water or electric.
Heating costs
The cost of materials for creating a heating system includes the purchase of a boiler, pipes, radiators, fittings, valves and other auxiliary equipment. Much depends on the choice of materials. For example, steel boilers are cheaper than cast iron, but the latter are more durable. Pipes should be used in plastic or metal plastic. They are much cheaper than metal. The most expensive radiators come in stainless steel. Gas connections require significant costs. Many people cannot afford it, and they have to make a choice in favor of heating with solid fuel. Design and installation work is best entrusted to specialists who correctly install autonomous heating of a private house. The installation price depends on the choice of the company, but here it is better not to save. It is better to pay immediately for the reliability of the system, otherwise saving on the qualifications of specialists after will be expensive.
Hot water heating
Autonomous heating of a private house uses heated water, which is pumped through pipes with radiators attached to them in a circular circulation. After cooling, it returns to the boiler again for heating. Water is used most often because it has unique properties and costs nothing. According to the scheme, autonomous heating of a private house involves manual or automatic control of the thermal regime.
Natural coolant circulation
The coolant moves due to convection with a difference in density in the heated and cooled state. Hot water is forced up by cold because of its lower density. Having given off heat, cooled, heavier water goes down and gravity feeds into the boiler for heating. The system is independent of power supply if it is heated by a simple boiler without automatic control. For a large house with an area of more than 100 m 2 it is difficult to make such a system. We need an accurate calculation of pipe diameters, compliance with slopes and the absence of stagnant zones. If even a small amount of air enters the system, it may interrupt its operation.
Forced heating circuit
The forced circuit allows you to evenly supply coolant to all radiators. After passing through the system, the water is again heated in the boiler. The integrated pump can also be used in a natural circulation system. It is installed in the discharge pipe. By means of valves and bypass cooling modes change. It is important that the boiler is suitable for working with natural and forced circulation.
Water supply schemes
A system that works only for heating a house is called a single-circuit.
According to the double-circuit scheme, still hot water is heated.
In turn, heating systems differ in piping layouts for heating elements:
The one-pipe system works by the method of water passing through all radiators and returning to the boiler for heating. At the same time, the first of them overheat, and the last remain too cold. It is not possible to adjust the temperature with this option.
The two-pipe method involves the sequential distribution of hot water to radiators and the removal of cooled down through a common pipe into the boiler. In this case, the heat transfer is uniform and controllable.
The collector system provides for the supply and removal of water to one radiator or their groups through separate pipelines. The method is the most convenient, but the most material intensive.
A particularly important place in the heating system is occupied by the expansion tank. A cistern in the attic is a thing of the past. In addition, the water in it may freeze, which leads to a complete stop of the heating system. Therefore, pressure vessels of the membrane type installed in the boiler room began to be used everywhere. They must provide constant pressure in the system and its stable operation.
Types of boilers
Boilers are used to heat water. Of these, the most common gas. They are the most economical due to the low cost of energy. To do this, next to the house there should be a gas main to which you need to connect. Although the cost of gas is constantly growing, and boilers require special maintenance, demand for it does not fall. The high cost of connecting is a serious problem.
Autonomous gas heating of a private house should be chosen with a security system, which includes flame control and fire sensors that turn off the supply in unpleasant situations. The cheapest are steel boilers that last up to 20, while cast iron boilers last up to 50 years. The main criterion for their choice is power, which should slightly exceed the calculated one. Small models are made in the wall version, and more powerful - in the floor.
Autonomous heating of a private house with gas for many functions requires the installation of a double-circuit boiler, which will also heat the water for the bathroom, kitchen or pool. Some of the models contain built-in hot water tanks.
Solid fuel boilers also remain popular. Any type of fuel is suitable for them: firewood, coal, pallets. Designs continue to improve in the direction of increasing efficiency. Long burning of solid fuel significantly reduces the need for manual labor when servicing the boiler. This heat source makes it possible to heat the house regardless of the supply of electricity. It should be available as an alternative to gas heating. In addition, an interesting option is a combined boiler, in which both gas and solid fuel can be used.
Autonomous electric heating of a private house is very convenient in terms of maintenance, but it is much more expensive. With periodic use in a country house, this option will be the best. There are many varieties of electric boilers. Autonomous heating of a private house is more convenient to produce using a mounted electric boiler. It is also worth thinking about the option of heating the house with electric radiators without a boiler and distributing water pipes. They can be transported to the country house in the car on weekends and connected to the power supply system.
Electricity heating at home
For electric heating, there are many methods and devices for which you need to correctly determine. The most common are electric convectors, underfloor heating and heating of the air circulating in the rooms.
Electroconvectors
If you decide to install autonomous heating of a private house with electricity, it is advisable to immediately use electroconvectors. The number of appliances depends on the amount of heating. For a room without thermal insulation, the energy consumption is 40 W / m 3 . For a house with an area of 100 m 2 and with a ceiling height of 2.5 m, the volume of the premises will be 250 m 3 . Then for heating you need a power of 10 kW. Since heaters are installed under the windows, their number must be calculated. For example, for 5 windows, the same number of convectors with a power of 2 kW each will be required. Electricity consumption will amount to 7200 kW per month. With the price of electricity 2.85 rubles / kW during the day and 1.38 rubles / kW at night, the cost of electric heating will be more than 17 thousand rubles. per month. You can save by optimally distributing heat in the rooms and in time. The autonomous heating system of a private house can be supplemented with other heat sources, for example, a solid fuel boiler, which will significantly reduce costs. The use of alternative options, such as solar panels and wind generators, is already becoming a reality. Their connection to the system can give significant savings.
Underfloor heating system
The scheme of autonomous heating of a private house by heating devices also has drawbacks, the most significant of which is the departure of heat from the ceiling. So that it is not cold in the lower part of the room, use the “warm floor” system. To do this, use cable, film and rod heating elements.
Warm floors are installed in the bathroom, when, in addition to the central one, they make additional independent heating of the apartment. Heating a private house is often equipped using a combination of this method with other systems.
Heaters can be poured with concrete, embedded in a floor screed or in a layer of tile glue. Systems are applied in the form of thin plates that are laid on top. In the Swedish floor system, electric heating is carried out under the whole house with the ability to control the temperature regime in individual rooms. Cable output is made to one control panel.
When autonomous heating of a private house with gas or solid fuel is used, water floor heating can be used, which will give big savings.
External roof heating systems, pedestrian walkways, stairs are used to prevent icing. This can be included in the autonomous heating of a private house or used in public places.
Air heating
Air heating is based on the same principle as heating a conventional stove. The heat generator generates heat through natural convection. Air is supplied by the fan to the heat exchanger, where it is heated to 45-60 º and enters the rooms from above through the air duct. After cooling, it is sucked through the lower pipes and returns to the heat generator. The system allows you to control the temperature and humidity in the rooms. The speed of heating the premises is much higher. In the warm season, the system is used to ventilate the entire house, which is its significant advantage. Feeding cool air into the rooms, it acts as an air conditioner. But at the same time, the system must be able to communicate with the external environment.
Conclusion
Already at the stage of the project, one should correctly determine what should be the scheme of autonomous heating of a private house. The following depend on the right choice:
The development, installation and commissioning of the boiler must be carried out by licensed specialists.