Our country occupies a vast territory. In a significant part of it, the heating season lasts half a year, and sometimes more time. This feature makes us take very seriously the issue of providing heat to a wide variety of buildings. There is also a constant increase in the cost of fuel used in boilers for heating the coolant. It is intended, in turn, for a heating system, the types of which today are different.
General information
Any person needs a comfortable temperature in the room where he lives. It usually ranges from 18 to 22 degrees. Heating systems directly solve this issue. They heat the air surrounding a person, which transfers heat to all objects, as well as walls. The supporting structures of the building give it out. As a result of this continuous process, it is necessary to constantly add heat inside the room.
In modern buildings, heating systems, the types of which are different, mainly consist of the following parts:
- A boiler or any other heat generator. They can operate on different types of fuel.
- Pipelines designed to deliver heat to the consumer. In this case, various coolants are used, which can be water and antifreeze.
- Heating appliances. They are radiators or convectors having a different device.
- Additional equipment and materials.
The main types of water movement patterns
At present, natural and forced schemes are used at different facilities for the installation of a heating system. Types differ among themselves in the way the coolant circulates. So, in the natural scheme, it moves through pipelines due to the density difference between hot and cold water. Heated coolant has less weight than cold. Hot water passing through the boiler is squeezed out by a cooled liquid. During the installation of such a scheme, it is necessary to observe the required slopes for pipelines having an increased diameter, because this helps to reduce the hydraulic resistance.
In the forced system there is always a circulation pump. This is its main difference. Its use allows you to create heating in homes using pipes that have a smaller diameter. The pump increases the efficiency of heat transfer, but it does not contribute to raising the coolant to any height. Due to it, overcoming the hydraulic resistance formed in the pipelines.
Single pipe heating circuit
In such systems, there is only one pipeline. It connects boilers for heating and radiators in rooms that are placed in series with respect to it. At the same time, such a pipeline is supply and return. The coolant passing each radiator in series gives off part of the heat, while its temperature on the last device will be significantly lower than the original. To reduce this feature, a bypass tube is used in the systems. It allows part of the coolant not to enter the radiator. If the building was designed by illiterate specialists, then the residents on the first floors feel a lack of heat. At the same time, people in the upper levels of the house are exposed to elevated temperatures. When installing single-tube systems, material is significantly saved. This is their main advantage.
Two-pipe heating circuit
The main characteristic of such a system is the presence of a supply and return pipe. If a two-pipe heating scheme is created at the facility, then heating radiators, whose prices today mainly depend on the material of manufacture, are connected in parallel. The heat carrier is heated in the boiler and enters each device through a supply pipe so that it returns back to the heat generator, another pipe is used. During the application of such a heating scheme, all connected radiators are uniformly heated, but more material is required to create a system.
Collector heating circuit
In such a system, a separate supply and return pipe is connected to each radiator. In front of the boiler, they are grouped using collectors. Due to this, it is possible to lay whole pipes in which there will be no connections. Such a scheme is relevant during the hidden wiring of utilities. Thanks to the creation of such a heating system, the types of which differ in the way radiators are connected, its appearance is more attractive. It is also possible to control heating appliances from one distribution cabinet. With this design scheme, a large flow rate of the pipe is required, and there is also no opportunity to create a system that will have natural water circulation. In addition, it must be equipped with additional devices to increase safety.
Popular types of heating systems for a private house
Owners of suburban real estate are given the opportunity to create an autonomous scheme to supply heat to their building. Due to it, a comfortable temperature for each room separately will be maintained in the house. A person may not wait until the official heating season begins or ends, as individual boilers for heating are installed in private buildings. Their choice depends primarily on the area of ββthe house and the type of fuel. Its specific type may not always be available. Today, the most common types of heating systems, depending on the fuel used, are:
- Gas.
- Electric.
- Diesel.
- Solid fuel.
Calculation of the required boiler power
Today various heat generators are presented on the market. In some situations, wall-mounted heating boilers are great, in other cases, it will be necessary to install floor units. To choose the right heat generator for installation in a private house, you need to know its power. Usually, such information becomes available after accurate calculations are performed by specialists, but it is generally accepted that 1 kilowatt of boiler energy is required to heat an area of ββ10 squares. About 25%, which will be required for hot water supply, should be added to this value . The final figure is obtained after adding another 20% required for the power reserve of the heat generator. The material for the manufacture of boilers can be cast iron or steel. They differ in price and weight. The most affordable for cottages and other private houses are wall-mounted heating boilers, which operate both from electricity and gas.
Autonomous gas heating
Of course, this type of heating is by far the most reliable and convenient option. In addition, gas is an economical energy resource, and such a factor is very important for the majority of the country's population. Its advantage over other types of fuel is that it is environmentally friendly and always of high quality. Gas heating has a high efficiency, especially during use in country houses. Equipment for such systems can function for a long time without failures, and it is also easy to operate. Gas can be used not only in the summer season, but also in winter. Therefore, this type of fuel is very convenient for people.
Gas can be delivered to boilers through pipelines and cylinders. In the latter version, special cars are used that have good cross-country ability and are maneuverable. Currently, there are no problems with its delivery. Storage of liquefied hydrocarbons occurs in gas tanks. In order to lower the pressure to working, a reducer is used in such systems. Natural gas, which requires the construction of special pipelines, is currently not available to all residents of the country.
Electricity as a type of fuel for a boiler
If there is no gas supply in a certain area or even on a specific street, then in this situation many owners of private houses have to decide whether to install solid fuel heat generators or electric boilers for heating. Sometimes itβs troublesome and expensive to install the first option, while in the second case the cost will be low. In addition, such boilers do not have a source of open flame. Also, they do not need to install a chimney, since there are no combustion products. Thanks to this, less finance is spent on installation, and labor costs are also reduced. Heat generators of this type are almost silent during operation and are very easy to control. For many modern units, the efficiency reaches 98%. In the heat exchanger, they have the main working element, which is the heater. Also, electric boilers for heating are equipped with modern power controllers and temperature sensors. Such elements greatly simplify their operation.
One of the modern ways of heating rooms
During the installation of the warm floor, the pipes are placed in a concrete screed, but they can also be placed in the wall under the top layer of the finishing material. In this situation, wall heating is obtained, which is a separate type of space heating. In this embodiment, heat energy of about 85% is transmitted by the radiation method, which provides comfort for people, since the air temperature will be lower. Also there is no movement of dust. Pipelines of this type of heating are located in loops, in which a significant difference in temperature is formed at the inlet and outlet. This value reaches 15 degrees. As a result, better heat transfer is provided. In such a system, a circulation pump having a lower capacity can be used. Pipes are laid in the wall with almost any step. This becomes acceptable due to the absence of restrictive conditions for the perception of comfort from the heating surface. Most often, heating in the walls is arranged in conjunction with a warm floor or when the latter is not enough to compensate for all losses in the room.
Modern radiators for rooms
Batteries for any heating system are an integral part of it. Not so long ago, almost all buildings used cast-iron radiators. Today, everything has changed, the range of devices has expanded significantly. Most manufacturers produce batteries that are tailored to the climate where they will be used. Currently, aluminum, copper, cast iron, steel, bimetal heating radiators are being produced, the prices of which are formed depending on the material used for their manufacture, as well as the size. In order to choose the right battery for any room, you need to know the area for heat supply. Particularly popular now are aluminum radiators. They have very good heat dissipation and affordable cost for most consumers. In addition, this type of battery perfectly resists corrosive processes.
Arteries of heating systems
Currently there is a wide range of pipelines. They are made from a wide variety of materials. Previously, all heating systems used steel or cast-iron pipes. Currently, polypropylene products are popular. Such material has low thermal conductivity, resistance to various chemicals, environmental safety, good flexibility, and ease of installation. Thanks to such qualities, the created polypropylene heating will last for a long time at any facilities. It will not soon be necessary for him to make repairs.
Mounting
In many ways, the cost of heating is affected by the complexity of installing the systems. Regardless of this, installation should only be carried out by professionals, because it is primarily connected with the safety of people. Electrical, gas or diesel equipment must always be installed correctly. If this requirement is not met, then irreparable consequences may occur during operation. Even during the installation of conventional radiators, one should responsibly approach such processes, especially when work is carried out in multi-storey buildings. In the event of a coolant leak, it is often necessary to pay damages to the injured party, which is located one floor below.