In fact, the fan speed controller is engaged in changing the voltage that is supplied to the device. If we talk about motors, then the above device is responsible for switching the winding. In this case, the frequency of the current can fluctuate significantly.
Thanks to the regulators of fans, electrical appliances are able to serve the owner for many years. This happens by reducing the wear of important components of the unit. Additionally, it is possible to reduce electricity consumption. In turn, at higher speeds, the fan runs much quieter.
Thyristor Fan Regulators
The thyristor fan speed controller (diagram shown below) can be installed exclusively on single-phase equipment. Among the features we can distinguish a reliable protection system. Thanks to it, the fan rotation speed controller prevents overheating of important components. As a result, the revolutions can be controlled by changing the current strength.
A network with a voltage of 220 V acts as the deviceβs power sources. In this case, the average frequency fluctuates around 55 Hz. The maximum voltage deviation is allowed at 15%. Many models of thyristor regulators are equipped with special sensors. The most common are devices labeled "RTS". They can be used at temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees. The installation of the fan speed controller is quite simple. At the same time, an indicator of rotation speed is provided for him.
Features of frequency controllers
Typically, a fan speed controller can handle very high voltages. In this case, the rotation speed changes due to a change in the current strength. Most often, this type can be found on various air conditioning systems. Additionally, the frequency controllers are ideal for devices engaged in air ventilation. In general, the above devices look pretty simple.
Frequency Control Features
They are powered from a network with a voltage of 220 V. The output power of the fan in this case should be no more than 500 watts. The maximum regulator resistance is on average 300 kOhm, and the system control signal can be sensed up to 10 V. Directly, the regulator block consumes 3 V.
The standard device kit consists of a cable, as well as a screw type terminal block. Fuses in the device are available with a current strength of at least 3 A. The degree of protection in many models is established by the IP21 class. The frequency regulator of the fan rotation speed can be used at temperatures from -10 to +30 degrees.
Transformer Fan Regulators
The 12V transformer fan speed controller is used exclusively for powerful single-phase or three-phase motors. The revs are directly controlled in a stepwise manner. At the same time, it is possible to establish automatic coordination. Temperature sensors are installed in many models.
Additionally, it is possible to choose transformer fan controllers with humidity indicators. At the same time, their power can be changed using a timer. These devices are attached with screws. The device can be equipped with special clamps for rigidity of the connection. There are terminals as an input contact. Power cables included as standard.
Resistance transformer regulator maintains at the level of 400 kOhm. In this case, the control signal is perceived up to 4 V. Additionally, a high load of the relay output should be noted. The power consumption of the device fluctuates on average about 12 V. In general, these devices are rather cumbersome compared to the frequency controllers of fans and more expensive.
Triac types of regulators
Triac fan speed control is the most complex device of all the types listed above. It is used to control several devices at once. In this case, the motors on them can be installed with direct as well as alternating current. Directly changing the speed occurs quite smoothly.
It is also important to note that the voltage range is very wide. Three-phase models of regulators stand out with particular accuracy. To reduce the sound volume from the operation of the device, a special smoothing capacitor is provided in the mechanism. The installation of a triac controller may be different. Recessed mounting is considered the most common, but many manufacturers are able to offer mounts for external fixation of the device.
The principle of operation of a triac controller
The processing of absolutely all data is handled by a microprocessor unit. In turn, there is a sensor for transmitting a signal to the triac fan speed controller. It is connected through the inlet on the side panel. Additionally, the sensor monitors the temperature of the device during operation. In this case, the resistance of the unit is constantly regulated.
To eliminate interference that occurs during operation, there is a digital filter. It can also suppress impulse surges in the system. The fan speed controller resistor is responsible for current conversion. As a result, with a sharp increase in temperature, the sensor gives a signal about the need to reduce the voltage. Further, much depends on the given settings of the triac controller. Thus, using programming, you can change the basic quantities.
Setting the triac controller
To set the fan speed regulator 220V, completely disconnect the network. Further, it is important to remove the main panel, which is located in front of the device. Only then can the unit cover be removed. The next step is to install a temperature sensor in the inlet. To connect the power system, you should familiarize yourself with the device diagram.
Direct connection to the fan motor is carried out using insulated stranded wires. Then the air condenser is turned on, which is located next to the temperature sensor. It is very important to check the main socket of the device. For good communication there should not be any pollution. Otherwise, the signal will not reach the microprocessor unit. To clean the connector efficiently, experts use tools to remove copper oxide.
After fixing the top cover, the unprotected area is greased with paste for good thermal conductivity. As a rule, they use the product exclusively on a non-drying basis. The side plates of the triac controller are mounted on the clips. They are also glued on top for thermal insulation. The width of the strip should not be less than 10 mm. After that, the 220V fan speed controller can be mounted on the shield. It is important to pay attention to the wiring and not to pinch it while fixing the device. The final installation step is to connect the power supply. After checking the connector for strength, you need to make a trial inclusion.
Models for fans with asynchronous motors
A distinctive feature of many models is the smooth regulation of speed. In this case, the fans should be with a rated current of not more than 6 A, and the average frequency should be around 45 Hz. The power source of the regulators is a network with a voltage of 230 V. The degree of protection they have is provided for IP 54. A special controller is installed to program the system.
Thanks to the above regulators, the engine is started quite smoothly. In this case, the shaft rotates with a constant frequency. Motor overcurrent protection is installed on many models. The minimum speed can be set by the controller.
This function is typical for controllers with potentiometers of class VM and VX. The speed drop is regulated by the regulator board, and you can see its operation by the LED sensors. To stabilize the voltage on the motor winding there is a microcontroller. By eliminating phase gaps, high energy savings can be achieved.
Heater controls
The heater fan speed controller is able to significantly reduce the noise from the electric motor. At the same time, it provides convenient external control. As a result, electricity consumption can be significantly reduced.
Additionally, the wear of parts is quite significantly reduced due to the regulation of the limiting frequency. The pulse-width modulator is responsible for this in the system. The operating current of the regulator fluctuates around 0.7 A. The maximum output power is approximately 550 watts. The input resistance of the regulators of this class is maintained at around 200 kOhm. In this case, the control signal is perceived at the level of 8 V. The cable, as a rule, is shielded type in the kit.
The load on the linear outputs is on average 3 A. In turn, the power consumption of the device is in the range from 4 to 8 V. The fuses in the regulators for air conditioning systems are FUSE class, and they can pass the current limit at 5 A. The degree of protection is they have a class of "IP21". Almost all models are attached to the air conditioning system exclusively in an external way - with screws. In general, they are quite compact and weigh extremely little.