Wild grapes in ordinary nature develop on their own and do not care at all about the juiciness of their berries, which people like so much. According to scientists, the wild vine spends only 14% of the nutrients received on berries. And a well-groomed vineyard gives out more than 35% of all nutrients for its juicy clusters. Such great generosity of cultivated grapes is achieved by pruning the vine.
Therefore, pruning grapes for beginners is very important for the proper cultivation of vineyards. After all, this is a serious intervention in the development of the plant, which can weaken its resistance to diseases and adverse environmental conditions, as well as the ability to withstand various pests. To mitigate all these negative consequences, the correct pruning must be done. These works not only make it easier to protect the vines from frost, diseases and pests, but also help to increase labor productivity during grape harvesting. When pruning, you can achieve several goals at once: increase the yield of grapes and ensure high quality grapes.
Work for novice workers can be done after they study the methods and goals of pruning the vine. First of all, with it, a limitation of the longitudinal polarity of shoots of shrubs is achieved. This limitation is achieved by the method when a short pruning of grapes is made for bushes starting to grow. It allows you to form long, well-developed shoots. But it should be borne in mind that some varieties with this method can significantly reduce their productivity. In this case, another pruning of grapes is used for shrubs starting to grow. This is a long pruning of bushes and the subsequent bending of the vine with its garter. With this method, the shoots are short, but a good yield of berries is achieved.
Most often, a combined method is used to suppress polarity in the formation of fruiting units. In this case, short and long trimming are combined at the same time. With the correct use of such technology, it is possible to regulate the growth force of the bushes and their fruiting. When trimming, experienced growers can provide the optimum load for the vine bushes. The load is determined by the number of eyes or shoots left on the bushes. The size and quality of the next year's crop depends on the optimal load.
All work usually begins 2-3 weeks after the leaves fall. When performing these works leave the required reserve of shoots. This reserve in the absence of damage after wintering, when spring pruning of grapes is made, is removed. When pruning in the autumn, first work is done on more frost-resistant varieties and on those grape bushes that grow in more protected areas. Slightly frost-resistant varieties are cut most recently.
It is important to take into account that grape pruning for shrubs starting to grow is prohibited at a time when the ambient temperature drops below three degrees below zero, as the vine at this temperature becomes brittle and brittle, and this will lead to a loss of load. In the spring, all vineyards should be checked for damage after wintering, then the dead and affected buds should be separated, and only after verification is the final spring pruning of the grapes already made.
Young bushes and shoots, if they have not yet bearing fruit, can be cut only in the spring, regardless of the zone in which they grow. For pruning work, a garden knife, pruner and pruner are used. Before carrying out work, you should first free the bushes from the wire. The bush is cleared and trimmed first on one side, and then on the other. It is necessary to process the bush first at the bottom and move gradually to the top, cutting off both perennial shoots and young ones.