The speed and effectiveness of suppressing fire in emergency situations depends on the configuration of the equipment used by fire brigades. One of the most indispensable devices for the formation of a directed flow of fire extinguishing substances are fire barrels. Let's look at the main categories of such devices, we will understand their purpose and operation features.
Purpose of fire trunks
Equipment of this category is used to complete
fire hoses. With the help of trunks, the supply of ignition-suppressing substances to the ignition site is ensured. Thanks to their application, it becomes possible to form a jet, the formation of water curtains, the creation of mechanical and air foam of medium or low multiplicity.
The area that can be covered during a fire extinguishing is largely determined by the type of trunks used. The introduction of innovative solutions in the development of modern devices has significantly increased the range of the “impact” of the jet and reduce the potential danger to the Ministry of Emergencies.
Gun trunks
They suggest installation on fire fighting vehicles, as well as on stationary towers used for these purposes. They differ according to the landing height, the presence or absence of pressure regulators, the possibility of completing with additional nozzles.
Combined stationary fire barrels are able to form a protective layer that consists of atomized liquid particles. Since the conversion of such a flow occurs at an angle, the employee of the Ministry of Emergencies is protected from high temperatures.
According to building codes and rules for the operation of structures, nearby buildings that are located in areas of increased risk of fire must necessarily be stationary fire monitors installed on special towers.
Hand barrels
Widely used for manual fire fighting. Manual fire barrels have a relatively small extinguishing depth. This indicator is only 5 m. This feature significantly limits their use in certain conditions.
Almost all manual fire barrels can be equipped with special nozzles that open up the possibility of working with separate flame-suppressing compounds.
The operation of such equipment is limited by the design features of certain structures. Therefore, their use is difficult to extinguish severe fires at large facilities.
Hand barrels marking
The purpose of hand-held fire barrels is indicated using special symbols. Currently, equipment with the following markings is especially in demand:
- RS 70, RS 50, RS 50P is a category of removable shafts, the operation of which opens up the possibility for quick lengthening of hose lines. The main purpose is the formation, maintenance and change of direction of a continuous stream of extinguishing substance.
- RS 70.01 and RS 50.01 are non-removable fire barrels that are used to create a continuous fluid flow without the possibility of adjusting the pressure level.
- RSP 50, RSC 50, RSP 70 are portable devices that provide the Ministry of Emergency Situations with additional protection against exposure to elevated temperatures due to the flow of fluid at an angle. Includes foam converting nozzles.
- RSKZ 70 is a highly efficient fire - fighting equipment for universal use, which is connected to a stationary fire-fighting water supply. During operation, it is possible to adjust the intensity and direction of the extinguishing agent supply based on fire conditions. Trunks in this category are suitable for working with any special substances.
Marking fire monitors
The fire barrel also contains a marking according to which you can quickly receive additional information regarding the specification of the device:
- "P" is a universal mobile fire monitor. Such systems are suitable for the assembly of mobile pumping units.
- “D” - marking indicates the possibility of remote control. The principle of operation is based on the adjustment of the working fluid pressure in automatic mode. Due to the specific design features of the remote barrels, it becomes possible to accurately direct the jet to the ignition site. At the same time, the threat to the safety of EMERCOM employees is completely eliminated. The costs of fire barrels of this type are also automatically regulated.
- "C" is a stationary version of the gun mounts. It is used to complete the internal fire extinguishing cranes. Installation on special towers and motorized vehicles is allowed.
- "B" - trunks mounted on trailers. The presence of rotational mechanisms opens up the possibility of achieving a wide angle of action.
Fire Trunks - Specifications
The characteristics of individual barrels for suppressing fires are always indicated in the
technical documentation. One of the main parameters here is the working pressure - the maximum rate for which the device is designed. In other words, the characteristic indicates the fluid pressure that should be available at the outlet of the fire hose immediately in front of the barrel. Underestimation of the permissible indicator is necessarily reflected in a decrease in the efficiency and suppression of ignition foci. Exceeding the norm can cause critical damage to the trunk. The characteristic is indicated in kgf / cm
2 or in atmospheres.
The next determining parameter is the maximum amount of working fluid that can come from the outlet per unit of time at the optimal pressure in the system. The characteristic is taken into account primarily for the purpose of economical water consumption. Also take the parameter into account based on the performance of the pump or pump.
The spray range indicates the maximum distance the fluid can reach, which the existing fire barrel is designed for. It is measured by the last drops when holding a typical spray angle and a normal pressure level in the system.
Considering the parameters that fire barrels possess, the technical characteristics that are indicated in the technical documentation, it is worth paying attention to the types of connecting heads available for use. It is extremely important to choose the right component according to the nature of the barrel and the type of sleeve used.
What nozzles are used to complete the trunks?
Nozzle - a device, the installation of which extends the functionality of the fire barrel and thus creates the necessary conditions for the rapid suppression of the main fire sources.
Modern fire trunks can be equipped with the following nozzles:
- water;
- foamy;
- by air;
- water-filled;
- powder;
- with variable flow rate;
- non-overlapping;
- with a spray.
Features of laying water communications during fire fighting
To quickly suppress the sources of fire, it is extremely important to quickly bring the equipment into a “combat” state. For this, EMERCOM employees are guided by standardized schemes for assembling water-pressure communications elements.
First, a pump is prepared that is responsible for supplying the working fluid from the tank. Next, a suction sleeve is attached, which contains a protective net to prevent clogging of the equipment. A hose line is drawn from the pump to the fire extinguishing site, the end of which is equipped with a fork. Additional hoses are mounted where fire barrels are connected. At the end, the pump is activated, pressure is smoothly supplied to the line, valves are opened, after which water flows under pressure to the source of ignition.