Both during the construction of a new suburban cottage, and during the repair work in old houses, it becomes necessary to provide drinking water. And if there is no possibility of connecting to a centralized water supply system, then in this case it will be necessary to install a system that will provide water to a private house from the well. The communication scheme will look as follows.
At first glance, there is nothing special. The most common water supply system from a well: a pump, a pair of devices and an expansion tank. However, the process is actually very laborious and complex. Therefore, like many other construction works, it is customary to break it into stages. Each of them will be described below.
Design of an autonomous water supply
Before making water supply for a private house, it is necessary to complete the first and one of the main stages - designing an autonomous water supply system . For this, it is worth contacting qualified specialists. During its implementation, a large package of necessary documents that will be needed in order to provide water supply to a country house from a well is developed and put together.
The project includes the information described below.
- The depth of the aquifer and its location.
- Marking and diameter of water pipes for the well and the wiring of communication in the house.
- Depth of outdoor water supply.
- Overall dimensions and locations of the caisson.
- Determination of the place where the station for water supply of a private house will be located.
In the future, in accordance with the project, installation will be carried out.
Depth and location of the aquifer
This is one of the most important factors on which the general scheme of water supply from the well is based. From this indicator directly depends on how the water will rise from the bowels of the earth. If the depth is less than 9 meters, then an automatic pumping station will be installed. If more, then a submersible submersible pump. Also, these indicators will help to calculate the necessary amount of time and finances required for soil development.
Information regarding the level of the aquifer can be obtained in different ways.
- From special geological maps that will correspond to the area of development.
- Order a site water search service at an organization that specializes in well drilling.
- Take an interest in the depth of the well in the adjacent section.
The latter option is the most ineffective, because it will not give an exhaustive answer, but will help to understand the approximate distance to an underground source of life-giving moisture.
Calculation of the diameter and material of water pipes
There is another very important point that needs to be given special attention. Today, not all pipes that are available in shops and construction markets are suitable for mounting water supply from a well. And in order to choose the right material, you need to pay attention to the marking.
The pipe for the water supply of a private house should have an approximate marking PPR-All-PN20 (25), where:
- PPR is the name of the material the pipe is made of (polypropylene).
- All - the presence of an internal layer of aluminum, which allows you to increase resistance to deformation.
- PN20 (25) is a number indicating the pipe wall thickness and the maximum allowable pressure, measured in MPa.
As for the diameter of the water supply, it should be guided not only by the dimensions of the threads at the pump and the automatic pressure control system, but also by the number of water consumers. Basically, for a low-rise cottage they are standard and equal to 1 ″ (25 mm). Given that the polypropylene pipe is classified one size larger, you should purchase material marked 32 PPR-All-PN20, where the first number indicates the outer diameter.
Well pump selection
A correctly selected pump is the key to uninterrupted water supply to the house. And in order for him to serve faithfully for a long time, it is necessary to take into account the nuances.
- For wells, only a centrifugal pump is suitable. If the vibration pump is lowered into the casing, then it will certainly damage not only it, but also the filter element.
- The quality of the water that will rise from the well should not be worse than in the passport data of the pump. The fact is that if the well is made on sand, then small particles of sand will come into the composition of the water. If the design of the pump does not provide for this, then it will soon fail.
- In order for the pump for water supply of a private house to fully ensure not only the rise of water, but also the pressure in the water supply, it is necessary to calculate its passport data using the following formula: H = hs + 0.2xL + 30 + 15%, where H is the minimum column of water, which is indicated in passport; hs is the immersion depth of the pump from the ground in meters; L is the distance from the entrance to the house and to the entrance to the well.
- Dry running pump protection. Another very important point, which is that the water passed through the pump performs the function of cooling the engine. And if the pump does not cool down during operation, then it will overheat and fail in a matter of minutes. The way out is to purchase a pump equipped with protection from the factory or additional installation of the necessary automation in the house or box.
After the water supply of the private house from the well will be designed, the scheme of the internal wiring of the communication, the location of the aquifer and its position are determined, and all the necessary material is purchased, you can proceed with the installation work.
Well drilling
Drilling a well is a rather laborious process. It is time consuming and requires certain skills. For this reason, it is not recommended to carry out this type of work yourself, but it is better to invite qualified specialists with all the necessary equipment.
Depending on the depth of the water layer and soil composition, several types of drilling are used.
It is immediately worth noting that the latest methods of soil passage involve the use of flushing fluid, whose function is to remove the destroyed rock layer.
The drilling process continues until a water horizon is reached. After this, you must continue the process and get to the rock, which is water-resistant.
As soon as everything is ready, it is necessary to insert a casing pipe into the drilled hole, at the end of which there will be a filter made of stainless mesh with a small section of the cell, and the cavity formed between the pipe and soil must be filled with fine-grained gravel.
Flushing the finished well is the final stage of the work. This procedure can be carried out using a hand pump (pump) or by lowering a submersible pump into the casing. Flushing is necessary until clean water appears.
Installation of a submersible pump in a well
Installation of a submersible pump is carried out directly into the well. This process is time consuming and requires special attention. Therefore, we propose to consider the sequence of work.
- A non-return valve is attached to the pump outlet, which prevents the emptying of the working chamber of the pump and self-draining of water after the pump is turned off. In the part of the pump, which is responsible for the intake of water, an additional filter in the form of a cup is installed, which protects it from ingress of sludge and dirt.
- An upward flow pipe is attached to the non-return valve.
- The electric cable is connected to the standard pump wire using a waterproof connector and fixed along the entire length of the feed pipe.
- We fix the cable to a place specially designated for the pump.
- The free end of the pipe must be threaded through the head of the well, run the wire into a specially designated hole, and secure the cable to the head itself.
The following is the process of lowering the entire structure into the casing. To do this, one person needs to be directly near the well and slowly lower the pump into the middle, and the second person needs, so to speak, to insure and file the structure.
After the entire installation procedure is completed, it is necessary to fix the head on the casing, and connect the power cable to the electrical network.
Caisson: its structure and dimensions
Like the entire water supply system of a house from a well, its individual components need protection. A caisson provides it for the head of the well. Its proper organization allows you to extend the life of equipment, valves, and also makes it possible to freely service all nodes. The arrangement of the caisson is carried out by several methods.
- Metal mounting.
- Concrete pouring on exposed formwork.
- Of concrete rings with a diameter of at least 1 meter.
- Installation of a ready-made caisson made of plastic.
Self-pouring of concrete will be most appropriate, since the plastic is not so strong and requires additional reinforcement, the metal tends to corrode and collapse, and concrete rings do not provide the normal space for maintenance or repair that a station for water supply of a private house may need.
The depth of the caisson directly depends on what level of soil freezing in the area of work, and on what type of pumping equipment is selected. Let's look at an example of how deep the caisson will be. Suppose that the level of soil freezing is 1.2 m. This means that the water supply to the house will be located approximately 1.5 m. Next, we take into account that the well head should be located at a distance of 20-30 cm from the caisson floor. The thickness of the concrete pouring is approximately 100 mm, and the layer of crushed stone backfill is approximately 200 mm. Now, through simple arithmetic, we get the desired depth of the pit under the caisson: 1.5 m + 0.3 m + 0.3 m = 2.1 m. Well, if you plan to install automation or a pumping station in the caisson, then its depth should not be less than 2.4 m (taking into account the distance of 1 m from the floor from the level of freezing of the soil).
Another important point. It consists in the fact that the entrance to the caisson should protrude 30 cm above the ground, and to prevent condensation in the summer and frost on the walls in the winter, it is necessary to equip the natural ventilation system of the room.
Water supply to the house
After the pump is installed, it is necessary to proceed with the installation of the pipeline leading to the house. For this, as the scheme indicates, the water supply system of a private house (or rather, its separate part) fits into a trench, the depth of which should not be less than the calculated mark of freezing of the soil.
In the event that the automatic pressure control system is located directly in the caisson, and according to the project it is planned to bring the water supply system not only to the residential building, but also to the outbuildings, it is necessary to equip all the trenches and drill all the necessary holes that will be required for the installation of the water supply system . After this, a previously insulated water pipe is laid. Next, pour sand laid in the trench into the trench, level the surface and spill with water. This will ensure uniform distribution of the sand compacting layer.
In the same trench, you can lay an electric cable that will feed the pump from a 220 V network. To do this, you need to stretch it into a plastic polypropylene or polyethylene pipe, lay it on top of the sealing layer of the water supply, and drill another hole in the wall of the caisson. Having sprinkled a little electric cable with soil, it is necessary to lay a special polyethylene tape, which during earthwork will signal the approach to electric and plumbing communications.
Automation of water supply from the well and its connection
One of the most important points that will improve the water supply of a private house from a well is a pump automation scheme. It is implemented in order to maintain a stable pressure in the water supply system and to prevent premature pump failure due to constant pumping of water. According to its properties, an automatic water pressure control system should perform the following functions.
- Pressure control in the water supply system and, if necessary, the inclusion of a booster pump.
- Protection of the pump against overheating and premature failure. Implemented by a dry-running sensor.
- Emergency shutdown of the pump in case of pipeline failure.
You can assemble the entire automatic system for spare parts, but this is only advisable when at least half of the complete set is available. Otherwise, you can just go to the store and purchase the automation that at its price meets all the necessary requirements for providing a private house with water.
The water supply diagram from the well shown in the picture shows the installation procedure for all necessary components. If the automatic control system of the pump is not equipped with protection against dry running, then in this case, its additional installation is recommended.
The final stage
The layout of the water supply system in the premises is the stage that completes the installation of water supply in a private house. It is carried out already when all other work has been completed, and it remains only to connect the water consumers. It can be performed both open (pipes pass over already revetted walls) and closed (the entire water supply is hidden behind the decorative wall decoration) using a pipe, the marking of which corresponds to the standards of materials used for food purposes.
It is worth noting that the use of metal-plastic pipes for an open wiring system is not suitable, since during operation there are frequent cases of the need for additional crimping of joints (fittings). The best option is the use of plastic pipes, all parts of which are connected using a special soldering iron. They can guarantee no water leaks at all joints and do not require additional maintenance.
That’s basically it. Mounted water supply of a private house from the well. The automatic pressure control circuit is assembled and installed. Now you can install plumbing fixtures and enjoy the fruits of painstaking work to the fullest.