The foundation device is one of the most critical building phases. The carrier platform largely determines the durability of large-scale capital facilities and small outbuildings. The shed cannot be attributed to demanding objects in terms of the characteristics of the foundation, however, in the technique of its construction there are many important nuances. Moreover, in most cases this operation is carried out by a modest set of materials and technical means, which in itself forces performers to look for ways to optimize work activities. To build a quality foundation for the barn, it will not be out of place to take advantage of proven technologies for solving such problems with minimal costs.
Preparing for work
Before starting the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to carefully calculate the work plan. It is important to determine the location of the facility, the area and orientation of the process points. An approximate layout of the shed will allow you to correctly position the supporting platform, regardless of what technology it will be performed. So that the foundation for the shed lasts longer and is not damaged in the first stages of operation due to defects in the surface of the earth, it is important to perform soil clearance. The layer of vegetation must be eliminated and, if possible, make the rough coating not only smooth, but also hard. Perhaps this will also require the removal of a loose layer of soil or the use of a tamper tool. The way to achieve the desired characteristics of the base surface will depend on the quality of the soil itself.
Solution preparation
Almost all methods of building a foundation for a barn require the use of concrete. To prepare the solution, you need a basic set of water, sand and cement, but with the addition of gravel. The fraction of its elements can be any, but it is desirable to correlate it with the volume of the planned mass - the larger the pouring area, the larger the fraction. For example, gravel for a columnar foundation will have a minimum size, and for a strip foundation it is advisable to select a large fraction. It is important to observe the proportions for the solution from which the foundation for the barn will be made . Do it yourself in a small container, mix sand with gravel in a ratio of 3: 5, after which add 1 part Portland cement. Water is added with the expectation of a thick, but tenacious mass.
Monolithic foundation device
This is a simple technique, but quite a voluminous way to complete the foundation. Its use is justified when it comes to the construction of a brick farm building. The essence of the technology is to create a durable sand cushion with the inclusion of the same gravel. Approximately 10-15 cm, a foundation should be arranged on which a cement screed will be arranged in the future. But before that, a solid formwork is formed around the perimeter of the working area, on which it is planned to establish the foundation for the shed. Do-it-yourself restrictive barriers are made, within which cement mortar will be poured. They can be made of plastic or wooden battens with panels - the main thing is that they can hold the filled mass. After that, you can proceed to the installation of reinforcing bars and the direct device of the screed. It should be borne in mind that the full acquisition of the strength of such a foundation can take about 2-3 weeks, depending on the working area.
How to make a foundation for a column-type barn?
A column foundation requires less materials in volume, but its implementation implies a more thorough calculation. Usually a support base is formed, fixed on racks mounted in the ground. If we are talking about a small barn, then four pillars with a diameter of about 15 cm will be quite enough. For each of them, a hole is originally rummaged in which a pillow of gravel and sand is filled. Next, the column rod is installed and poured with cement. If necessary, you can use special equipment for driving piles. After that, the columnar foundation for the barn is covered with lags. The basis for the flooring will be formed by fastening structures, including the binding of the grillage, channel and profile elements.
The technique of the device foundation strip
This type of foundation is one of the most common in the construction of residential private houses, but for household buildings it is considered too troublesome and unreasonably costly. To implement this technique, it is necessary to make pit lines along the perimeter of the working platform. You will get trenches that are covered with sand and gravel. For greater reliability, a reinforcing base is also carried out in earthen niches. If a strip foundation is planned for a large-area barn, then trenches should also be made in the central part. Next, prepared niches with fittings are poured with the same solution. After hardening the concrete, you can begin work on the device flooring, which can simultaneously act as a floor covering of the future barn.
How to make a foundation for a shed of foam blocks?
Two methods of constructing a platform for a shed from a foam block are common. In the first case, it is supposed to create contour bearing lines according to the type of strip foundation. That is, a trench is made around the perimeter, which is filled with a combination of sand and gravel, after which blocks are laid on the cement mortar. Next, a connecting structure is formed for the flooring from metal or durable lags. The second method is used in working with objects that are demanding in terms of resistance to high loads. In this scheme, the performer lays the foundation in blocks all over the site. The foam block itself is characterized by low thermal conductivity, insulating qualities, ease of processing and low price. Therefore, from the point of view of obtaining high operational qualities of the shed as a repository of materials demanding for maintenance, this foundation option may be the best.
How to choose the best option for the foundation?
Before analyzing possible options for a suitable foundation, you should decide on the tasks that the barn will perform and the conditions for its operation. For a small building in a warm region, a pile foundation with several supporting rods will be enough. It is advisable to build large-scale objects on a monolithic basis - for example, from a solid concrete screed or in the form of a block platform. These techniques will make it possible to build a durable and well protected foundation in the lower part under the shed. Do-it-yourself monolith is implemented by a standard set of tools, but requires more physical effort. For example, laying a block may require the help of one partner, at a minimum.
Is it possible to build a shed without a foundation?
Of course, it will not be possible to do completely without a bearing base, but the optimization of this structural part of the barn in some cases justifies itself. So, if there are no strict requirements for thermal insulation, then it is quite possible to limit ourselves to installing a frame on four concrete blocks, scattered around the corners of a future building. You can make a shed without foundation and on cleared soil. Such projects are usually implemented using prefabricated structures, which provide a rigid wood or metal platform, replacing the foundation. But it is important not to forget that the classic foundation also guarantees horizontal surface. Therefore, it is important to initially adjust the draft coating so that it does not have serious deviations in altitude over the entire area.
Conclusion
It will be wrong to consider the foundation as separate from the main frame of the shed. Even the high-quality execution of the base without taking into account the nuances of the further construction device can cause many problems during operation. The main thing that you should pay attention to, mating the foundation for the barn and its structural basis, is the technique of forming an airtight ligament. The transition is usually carried out from concrete or wooden logs to a metal profile. Next, the main lining is made on the frame of the barn, which may have several layers. Docking areas can be additionally treated with sealants, mineral wool and foam.