The development of each baby after birth occurs according to an individual schedule. In many respects, this process is determined by the quality of the conditions in which the child lives, partly on his maturation is affected by the state of health and genetics.
However, all parents should know the general norms from which pediatricians are repelled, evaluating the level of development of any baby. From this article, mothers and fathers will be able to find out what a child should be able to do in a year. After reading it, they will understand whether everything is in order with their baby, or should pay close attention to its development and, if necessary, make adjustments.
The physiological development of a one-year-old child
Only 12 months have passed since the birth of the baby. For this short period of time, the “little lump”, which itself could not do absolutely anything, became a person who was able to move freely in space, communicate with others, and show his emotions. Many women, sharing their experiences of motherhood, say that when their child was one year old, they began to understand him much better.
But the main changes occur precisely in the physical development of the newborn. Over a year, children increase their body weight by about three times, their body becomes one and a half times longer. The proportions of the body completely change - the former "tadpoles" become proportional, the folds on their arms and legs disappear, and the neck lengthens.
The first 12 months of life are significant for a person. Having been born, he can only lie, but after half a year the child knows how to roll over, learns to sit down, crawl, stand up, take and throw objects. Very soon, all these actions are honed and improved, new skills and abilities appear. A child of 1 year is distinguished by a huge thirst for knowledge, which pushes him to a constant forward movement.
Mental development of the child in 1 year
Intellectually, a baby at this age is also very different from itself. At first, every month, day, and even the hour of his life matters. Children need to process a huge amount of information as soon as possible.
The human brain never develops so intensely as at the age from birth to three years. What a child should be able to do in a year is simply amazing, especially if you remember that the kids have absolutely no idea about the world. They learn to distinguish others, they begin to understand where their own and where are strangers. They learn that they are in danger. Understood in household items, toys, clothing, food, animals.
Of course, all this knowledge is superficial, but it is enough for the child to be able to contact his parents, play and express his needs. What should a child be able to do in a year?
- speak 10-15 words, imitate various sounds;
- fulfill simple requests;
- play elementary games (understand their essence);
- have an idea of the parts of the body;
- know the purpose of different objects.
Of course, we are talking only about the fact that the baby must understand what a spoon, pillow, blanket, potty or telephone are for. Some children can try to eat on their own by the year, while others will need more than one month of training. To make mental development faster and easier, the child needs to be given freedom, not to limit his thirst for knowledge. Naturally, within reason.
And what can your baby do?
All mothers need to keep in mind: asking their girlfriends and neighbors what a child should be able to do when they are 1 year old, they may not get the exact answer they expected. Few people can adequately respond to the fact that someone's baby is in something better or smarter. But you need to try very hard and not compare your child with other children, even if they themselves began to walk at nine months, at ten sat on a pot, and a year - to recite a verse about a clubfoot bear.
The kid, who began to take the first steps by the year (including those with support for his hands), says mom, dad and bang, performs elementary assignments of relatives, is keenly interested in toys and role-playing games - it is developing normally. He will catch up with the rest over the next few months.
But if the skills of a child at 1 year old are not sufficiently developed, it is better to contact a competent specialist for advice. First of all, to a neurologist, who, if necessary, will pick up drugs that stimulate brain activity. He will also appoint special classes, among which may be exercise therapy, gymnastics, swimming, games for the development of fine motor skills.
Games for children after a year
Folding a tower of multi-colored cubes, collecting a pyramid or sticking figures into a sorter, children do not just have fun - they learn the world. It is through the game that children learn to live. A mother who organizes the right activities for her baby will help him adapt more quickly in society and will be able to understand whether the child is normally developed at 1 year old. What should a child be able to do with toys at this age, how and how to have fun with it?
Toys:
- cubes;
- pyramid;
- constructor with great details;
- balls;
- wheelchairs;
- sorters;
- sets of children's tools and utensils;
- girls - dolls, baby dolls;
- boys - cars.
Fine motor skills (under mother’s supervision):
- large mosaic;
- cereals, pasta;
- bottle caps;
- kinetic sand, salt dough, plasticine;
- Finger paint.
Classes:
- hide and seek
- goodies;
- mothers;
- reading books with large illustrations;
- drawing, modeling.
It must be remembered that leaving the child alone with small objects and in general with everything that he can swallow, put in his nose or ears is strictly prohibited.
The crisis of the first year of life
All parents, without exception, sooner or later will have to deal with the problems associated with the crisis of their baby. At this moment, they will be completely indifferent to what a child should be able to do at 1 year old. Development, study, improvement of vocabulary and all early start programs are postponed, because the elementary issue of discipline is on the agenda.
Do not panic and pinch the child in an iron vice. Children at this age begin to protest and do not obey in order to annoy their parents. They are not able to quickly cope with the knowledge that has piled on them, have not yet learned to show their emotions and even identify them. Mom and dad should help the baby understand what sadness, anger, joy, fatigue, surprise are. Seeing that the child’s emotions are going through the roof, they are obliged to distract him from the annoying factor and say what happened to him. In this case, you should use simple and short sentences, ask a child a question and answer it yourself:
- "Masha is angry? Yes, Masha was upset. We will fix it now. ”
- “Is Vanya really happy?” Hurrah! Mom likes Vanya laughing. Let's have fun quieter - grandmother is sleeping. ”
- "Antoshka hit? Antoshka hurts. Mom will regret Antoshka. ”
The fact that parents recognize and accept the emotions of the baby helps him to feel their confidence and care for him.
Self-Service Skills
Now we find out what a child should be able to do annually on his own. At this age, children only learn to take care of themselves and help their parents, so they do not need to demand too much. But to maintain their thirst for independence is simply necessary. As soon as the child says his first “I myself!”, Parents should be patient and understanding. It is in their interests to give him the opportunity to quickly master such actions:
- drink from a drinker or a cup of non-spill, then from a regular mug and glass;
- use cutlery - a spoon and a fork;
- undress and dress;
- ask for a pot.
This all applies to basic self-care skills. Also, the baby in a year can already be allowed to help clean the dust, take a broom to remove garbage, put toys in boxes. At first, there will not be much sense from such help, but the child is only learning, very soon he will succeed!
Speech of a one-year-old baby
Surely readers are interested in information about what a child should be able to say in a year. Normally, this is no more than 10-15 words, most often modified, which are pronounced in "toddler" language.
Children by the year pronounce simple words for 1-2 syllables: mom, dad, woman, bah-bah, woof, cuckoo. They can already distinguish and partially pronounce the names of relatives and people with whom they are most often seen. We also note that many babies annually confuse the words "give" and "on" - this is very common and there is no need to worry about this. At this stage, the main task of parents is to expand the vocabulary of the child. To do this, you need to talk with him, tell or read fairy tales, show cards with animals, objects, toys, the alphabet, etc.
Motor activity of a child in 1 year
Most babies are already taking their first steps. As practice shows, earlier it was not a boy who started to walk, but a girl. What should a child be able to do in a year? How does his motor activity develop by this age?
If on his first birthday the baby has not yet stomped on his own, then at least he crawls very quickly and quickly. This is good - in this way the child’s muscular system trains and gets stronger. A one-year-old baby should be able to squat and get out of this position, bend down to pick up small objects, throw himself, push something, jump with support. Most children by the year know how to get down from a hill (bed, sofa), but not all of them can climb upwards in a year, although attempts are made.
1 year old baby sleep
A newborn baby sleeps 18-20 hours a day, by the year this figure is significantly reduced. Most children have 10-12 hours to sleep at night, but problems with daytime can begin. If the child has not yet had time to go on one rest in the middle of the day, probably the parents still have to put him in the morning or in the evening.
Such a short dream is only 30-45 minutes. Very soon, the baby will refuse him, and will rest once a day. The best time for a quiet hour is 13-00 - 15-00. Around this time, the kids are sleeping in kindergarten, and therefore parents should strive to adjust their child's regime to the preschool.
The difference between boys and girls per year
Is there really a difference in the development of heterosexual children or is it a myth? No, this is not a fiction, and the differences concern not only the appearance and physiology of the kids, but also their mental development. What a child should be able to do in a year - a boy:
- says, but not enough - a vocabulary of up to 5-10 words;
- physically developed (crawls, walks, squats, gets up and sits down from different positions, holds objects tightly, wears them, overcomes obstacles in the form of pillows, rollers, puffs);
- oriented in space;
- prefers dynamic and outdoor games.
At the same time, the boys make worse contact with strangers, often cry and arrange hysteria, they recognize the world through tactile contact.
Girl development in one year
Babies develop differently compared to boys. Since the mother’s womb, the left hemisphere of the brain predominates in them. This explains that girls are more trained, diligent and contact. But in terms of physical development, they lag behind peer boys. So, in a year old a girl usually boasts such skills:
- knows and uses up to 10-30 words;
- able to walk, but not too mobile and active;
- plays calm, static games - dolls, utensils, designer;
- has primary self-care skills.
Of course, all of these parameters are pretty standards and tolerate deviations.
As we have said, all children are individual, so if the baby has not yet mastered some skill, this is not a reason to be upset. Perhaps he needs a little more time to study and should just wait a bit.