If you decide to equip a heating system for a cottage or a country house, then you need to think about efficiency, maximum reliability and ease of work.
Features of arrangement
If we are talking about the forced circulation of the coolant in the pipeline system, then in the process of carrying out the work it will be necessary to install a pump, which should be located on the heating main. Thanks to this interaction, it will be possible to provide a more rapid and constant movement of water. In this case, the disadvantage is the cost of installing additional equipment. If you are interested in a heating scheme (with natural circulation) of a private house, then there will be no need to install a pump. This is due to the fact that the density of hot water is much lower than that of cold. Due to this, the ejection of one liquid by another is carried out. The coolant, moving along the highway, gives a certain part of the heat to the batteries, gradually cooling. Coming back, the cold liquid forces hot and light water back into the pipes. This cycle repeats constantly. The process cannot be suspended until the boiler is warming up. If there is a need, then the heating circuit with natural circulation (this concerns a private house in the first place) can be supplemented at any time with a pump, which the owners can use if necessary to quickly and evenly heat the home.
Key positive features
The presence of a pump entails additional energy costs. While its absence, on the contrary, allows a good saving. Such systems are completely silent and do not cause unnecessary vibrations. The heating system of a private house (with natural circulation) “Leningradka” has a lot of advantages, among them we can distinguish a unique ability to self-regulation, a very long failure-free operation, which is 30 years, thermal stability and high maintainability.
Preparation for work
If you decide to independently carry out installation work, then you should consider the heating scheme (with natural circulation) of a private house. The path will contain a specific set of elements. Among other things, it contains: an expansion tank, located at the highest point; a pipeline, which may be single or double; heating radiators, as well as boiler equipment. The latter will heat the coolant. Before starting work, it is important to remember that the speed and force with which water will move through the heating system depend on the volume, weight, and density of the hot liquid. The inner diameter of the pipes plays an equally important role, the resistance coefficient depends on this parameter, as well as the height of the installation of heating radiators in relation to the boiler. The master must know that special requirements apply to horizontally oriented pipelines. They need to be installed with a mandatory slope, which is 5 millimeters per meter, turning the pipes in the direction of movement. Only in this way the cooled water will tend to the boiler. The heating scheme (with natural circulation) of a private house involves the installation of fewer elements in the path of the coolant, which would be able to increase the resistance.
Power calculation before installation
If you have chosen a heating scheme for a private house with natural circulation, then before starting the arrangement of the system, you need to determine the power of the boiler equipment. Such calculations can be made using any of the methods below. The first involves the use of volume, the second - area. The master must remember that each of these options allows you to get only approximate results under the most ideal conditions. If the building is not insulated, equipment with a small margin should be purchased. Whereas for energy-saving buildings it will be enough to take as a value of power per square meter a figure within 60 watts.
Volume power determination
If you will be implementing a heating scheme for a private house with natural circulation, then the most accurate calculation will be according to the volume of the heated room. Initially, this value must be determined by multiplying it by 40 watts. The next step is to add correction factors. If we are talking about a private house, and the room borders the street above and below, then you need to multiply the result by 1, 5. If there is a room located near the insulated wall, the value should be multiplied by 1.1. In the presence of an insulated wall, multiplication is performed by 1.3. As for each door that faces the street, then for them you need to add 200 watts. For the window, you need to add 100 watts, the minimum value is an indicator equal to 70, the coefficient in each case will depend on the dimensions of the opening.
Determination of power by area
If a closed heating system of a private house with natural circulation will be equipped, then it is possible to calculate the power and the area. The simplest method is to determine the power of the boiler according to the recommendations of SNiP. It is estimated that 1 kW of power is needed per 10 square meters. The total area of the house should be multiplied by 0.1. It is important to take into account different coefficients, each of which is used for certain territorial areas. For example, for the Far North, this indicator can vary in the range from 1.5 to 2. For the middle band, these numbers vary, starting from 1.2 and ending with 1.4. If we are talking about the southern regions of the country, then the coefficient may be equal to 0.8-0.9.
Installation work: two-pipe system
The water heating system of a private house with natural circulation can be equipped with a two-pipe scheme. Despite the fact that the installation work in this case is more complicated, it was this scheme that gained distribution. During its implementation, the liquid will move through two pipes, one of which will be laid from above, where the heated water will flow; while the second must be placed below, the cooled liquid will flow there.
Technology of work
If you are considering the scheme and features of installing heating (with natural circulation) of a private house, then you can use a two-pipe system. Carrying out these works requires compliance with certain instructions. At the first stage, the master should choose a place where the storage unit will be located.
An expansion tank is mounted above the boiler, and you can connect these elements together with a vertical pipe, which after installation must be wrapped with insulation. Approximately at the level of a third of the expansion tank, it is necessary to insert the upper pipe, designed to transport the heated liquid. We measure the distance from the top point to the floor, after which we connect to the wiring. These works are performed at a height of 2/3. Closer to the top of the expansion tank, another pipe crashes, which will be overflow. With it, surpluses will be removed to the sewers. At the next stage, the pipes are led to the radiators. Batteries must be connected to the lower pipe, the installation of which is carried out in parallel with the upper.
Wizard tip
When arranging the heating system of a private house (with natural circulation) with your own hands, it is important to try to arrange the pipes as accurately as possible. In this case, the optimum height difference between the boiler and radiators must be ensured. The first must be mounted below the heating devices, so it is best to purchase a floor device, which will be conveniently located in the basement or in a special recess.
The nuances of the work
The attic must be insulated. If the temperature in it is excessively low, then there is a chance that the liquid in the pipes will freeze. It is important to adhere to several rules, one of which involves the location of the upper pipe with a certain slope, which should be approximately 7 degrees. If possible, boiler equipment should be positioned much lower than heating appliances. Having visited the store before starting work, you should choose pipes made of metal or polymers. The inner diameter of the product should be 32 millimeters. Balancing two-pipe heating, if the pipes were selected correctly, will not have to be done. However, it will be necessary to install a throttle on the hoses to each radiator.
It should be noted that a fairly large amount of money will be spent on laying two circuits. It will take a long time for the master, but such a system is more efficient and preferable.
Single pipe installation
If you will be laying a heating system for a private house (with natural circulation), it is advisable to consider photos of such schemes before the start of work. If you decide to use a one-pipe system, you can reduce installation costs. In this case, only one pipe will need to be laid. The system will have a cyclic closed loop, which involves the location of radiators parallel to the main ring. Tearing it at certain points is not required. It will be possible to equip each radiator with an air vent. Such a solution will provide an opportunity to get rid of air in each of the individual sections. To equalize the temperature, it will be necessary to mount chokes and thermal heads. Today, a one-pipe closed heating system is quite popular. In some cases, you can neglect the presence of an expansion tank, thus isolating the coolant. As you know, in a forced system, the speed of movement of the coolant through the piping system depends on the performance of the pumping equipment. With natural circulation, things are different. To increase the speed of movement of water, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules. Stop valves must be selected as correctly as possible; it is important to monitor diameter transitions. It is not necessary to supply the system with numerous turns, which can become an insurmountable obstacle to the coolant. The master should minimize any obstacles, trying to make the sections as straightforward as possible.
Recommendations for work
A similar heating system (with natural circulation) of a private house, the scheme of which assumes the presence of only one pipe, is equipped with products whose internal diameter can vary from 32 to 40 millimeters. The inner surface of the pipes should be as flat as possible, ideal, only in this way it will be possible to eliminate the accumulation of deposits, but metal analogues should not be considered at all.
Conclusion
The heating system of a private house with natural circulation, without radiators, will save you a lot of money. However, before carrying out these works, it is worth considering the feasibility of their implementation.