Road slabs, the sizes of which can be different, are quite common today in the construction of transport branches. They are actively used to create roads, autobahns, as well as highways. They are able to maintain their quality characteristics at a fairly wide temperature range, do not lose strength even at -40 0 . Their use guarantees the reliability and long service life of the road surface.
Sizes of road plates
Depending on the brand, the plates can have different sizes and, of course, prices. So, the PD 60X12 plate has dimensions of 6000x1200x220 mm, its weight is 3.39 tons. Whereas the PD 3-23 brand plate has dimensions equal to 3000x1500x220 mm, its mass is 2.42 tons. There are plates that have holes for the hatch, for example, PD 6 (s), its dimensions are 2500x1750x220 mm, and its weight is 2.3 tons. In general, slabs that have openings for the hatch can have different sizes, among them 2800x2000x220 mm can be distinguished, while the weight is 2.5 tons.
State quality standards
With mechanical influences, road plates should not lose their qualities. Dimensions, GOST are taken into account when laying roads with a certain load. So, if the stove is made without taking into account standards, then using it is at least inefficient, and for the most part - unsafe.
Road slabs should be flat, based on concrete reinforced with steel elements. Use them if necessary to equip the road, be it temporary or permanent. These products are manufactured taking into account GOST 21924.0-84, which involves the manufacture of slabs, which are used in the arrangement of urban roads. In this case, the reinforcement in it is prestressed. There is another GOST 21924.2-84, which is used for the manufacture of plates with non-tensioning reinforcement. These products form the basis of permanent or temporary coatings.
Road plates, dimensions, GOST and the purpose of which is marked on the product, can have different characteristics. So, if the product is intended for the construction of a permanent road, then in its marking you can see the designation "1P". Whereas slabs that are designed to form temporary roads are designated as ā2Pā. The manufacturer divides the product and performance. For example, a plate that is marked ā2P 30-18.30ā can be used to create a temporary coating, the load on which does not exceed 30 tons, but the operating temperature should not fall below -40 Ā° C. If there is a need to use the slab for laying a permanent or temporary road, then you can use the one that has the marking "PDP 3x1.5". The load should correspond to a certain brand of cement used in the formation of the slab. To create a permanent coating, the load on which will not exceed 300 tons, and the temperature range during operation will not fall below -40 Ā° C, you can use the product marked "1P30-18.30". If it is required to strengthen the coastline , then the PR-3 stove should be used in the work, it is resistant to high temperatures.
Products for use in difficult conditions
Road slabs, the dimensions of which were described above, can also be used when laying roads that will be subjected to particularly aggressive external influences, for example, a temperature of -55 Ā° C. The PDN brand plate, which has a fairly strong frame, corresponds to these qualities.
State Standards for Concrete
Road slabs, the dimensions of which were described in detail in the article, must be made of material whose quality is dictated by GOST. Thus, the basis of the product should be heavy concrete. It is poured into the formwork, which is pre-equipped with metal fittings, it (in certain grades of plates) is subjected to early stress.
Road slabs, the dimensions whose weight were mentioned above, are made using concrete B25 M-350, as well as B30 M400. The technology of the work is not difficult and does not involve the use of expensive equipment. It provides for the preparation of the mold, which previously passes the stage of cleaning and processing in the wall area with a special composition to simplify the formwork process. A pair of reinforcing meshes is laid in the form , which are fixed in order to eliminate displacement and maintain the required distance. After the master, they begin pouring concrete, which until the moment of solidification undergoes the compaction process by means of mechanical vibrators.
Heat treatment of concrete in accordance with GOST
In order for the road plates, the dimensions of which will clearly correspond to the shape taken during pouring, to be durable, they are subjected to heating at the next stage, which happens in a heat chamber. The completion of the manufacturing process is accompanied by the removal of the product from the mold, quality analysis and subsequent labeling. The first thing that the masters pay attention to is the smoothness of the surface.
Features of laying in accordance with GOST
The quality of the road slab must comply with what is regulated by GOST. In addition to the already mentioned characteristics, it can be noted that the products are very easy to lay. The main advantage is that the road does not involve complex preparation. This stage provides only the need for marking and alignment. In addition, it is necessary to lay a pillow of sand, the thickness of which should be in the range from 15 to 20 cm. After the plate is mounted, and we can assume that the road is ready.
Reinforced concrete road slabs , the sizes of which can be different and indicated above, have another advantage over traditional asphalt. It consists in the fact that the reinforced concrete product is quite easy to dismantle if necessary. The slab will not lose its operational characteristics, and in the future the product can even be used when laying a new road in another place. This is especially true when there is a need to equip a temporary road on the territory of military camps or construction sites.
The dependence of the price of plates on their size
Road plates (PD), the sizes of which can be different, and cost differently. For example, a brand plate 2P 30-18-30, the size of which is 3000x1750x170 mm, has a price of 5900 rubles. But the product brand 2P 30-18-10 has dimensions of 3000x1200x170 mm and costs 5881 rubles. The product of the PD 6 brand has dimensions in the range of 2500x1750x220 mm, and its cost is more impressive and amounts to 11,129 rubles.
Finally
Concrete road slabs, the dimensions of which are universal, since they can be different and calculated for coatings with different loads and different external conditions, have a sufficiently large margin of safety. They are used in industrial construction, and they are almost never used by private consumers, although their price is acceptable. Concrete slabs, regardless of whether it is supposed to be used temporarily or permanently, will undergo heavy loads, which applies not only to machines, but also to external loads in the form of precipitation, freezing and thawing, especially during spring and autumn, when temperature changes can be impressive for one day. Water falling into cracks freezes at night and makes the crack even larger. That is why concrete is used in the production, which must be made according to the rules.