For all the time of its existence, mankind has simply invented a huge number of very different ways to protect roofs. Once upon a time straw, reed, clay, and sometimes even birch bark and sod were used for this purpose. Today, corrugated board, flexible tile or roofing material is usually used for this purpose. Since roofs in our time usually have a very complex structure, there is simply a huge number of additional roofing elements. We will talk about what exactly is included in the roof structure .
Essential elements
When sheathing, such roof elements are always mounted:
- Skate element. On gable and multi-pitch roofs, it is mandatory.
- Endov. These designs serve to protect the joints of the slopes on multi-gable roofs from water. In addition, valleys perform a decorative function.
- Aprons and smokers. The first element is used to prevent water from entering the under-roof space in the gap between the pipe walls and the crate. Smokers are designed to protect against the water of the chimney itself.
Additional elements
Also, the design of the roof may also include additional accessories that extend its service life, ensure the safety of residents and facilitate the care of the roofing material. These include:
- Cornice and end plates. The first is necessary to protect the lower battens from decay. End slats perform the same function, but for part of the extreme rafters. The use of both elements, among other things, can improve the decorative qualities of the roof.
- Gutter system. Usually includes a drain gutter and a drainpipe.
- Snow retention. These elements of roof safety for humans are used to prevent snow avalanches from leaving the roof in winter.
- Trumpet pipes. Serve to decorate the chimney.
- Ventilation elements. They are necessary to ensure the exit of vapor-saturated air from the attic and the roofing pie.
- Small ridge elements mounted on the edges of the roof slopes.
- Lightning Rod Holders. Usually attached to the ridge element.
Security elements
Mandatory to use are also considered such elements of roofs as:
- Hydro and vapor barrier films. The first is used to prevent water from entering the roofing cake from the outside, the second from the inside, that is, from the attic or attic. For vapor barrier and waterproofing, a plastic film, roofing felt or special membranes can be used.
- In the soft roof, special lining carpets are additionally used. They are made of a material that does not allow moisture to pass through.
- About the same function is performed by other safety elements of the roof (from getting wet) - end carpets.
- Thermal insulation materials. Improve roof performance. Usually used when it is planned to equip a residential attic. As insulation materials, mineral wool or polystyrene foam is most often used. Sometimes the roof is also insulated with polyurethane foam.
These are the elements that are often used on roofs made of different materials. Next, we will see what functional purpose each of them can carry.
Ridge element of the roof
This part is usually used for all types of roofs - from profiled sheets, flexible tiles, even wooden and ruberoid. In the first case, the skate is usually made of tin and has a pretty beautiful appearance. In a soft or ruberoid roof, it is usually made of the same materials. Metal ridge elements can have different shapes - triangular, semicircular, rectangular.
The ridge element of a roof made of shingles or shingle is usually made up of wooden dies. Sometimes in this case it is not used at all.
Endovs
On roofs made of profiled sheet and flexible tiles, two-part endovas are usually used. The first part is mounted before installing the base material and serves to actually protect the joint from water. The second is installed above the sheets of metal profiles or flexible tiles and performs a purely decorative function.
Gutter systems
Roofing elements designed for water drainage are mounted immediately after installation of the cornice strip. Mounting brackets are mounted directly on it. Draining from the slopes, the water enters the gutter, set slightly at an angle, and goes down through the drainpipe. Under it usually arrange a pit receiver. From it outside the courtyard are drainage ditches.
The gutter system of the roof allows you to protect the walls of the building from damage by rainwater, and the foundation from erosion.
Laths cornice and end
Very often, when covering roofs, these additional elements are also used. Roofs made of corrugated board, soft tiles, shingles and other materials are usually complemented by contour with bent tin strips. Their use can improve the decorative qualities of the roof and extend its service life. These elements are worn on the edge of the rafters and the lower laths.
Snow retention
This is also a fairly important element of the roof. On all roofs without exception, metal versions of snow retainers are used. This element is usually in a special way (in the form of a triangle with corners) a curved strip of tin with a polymer coating. There are other more complex designs. Snow retainers are installed at a distance of about 35 cm from the edge of the ramp along its entire length. These are important elements of a wooden roof, metal or ruberoid.
Aprons and trumpet trumpets
This additional element is usually made of tin. The curved upper edges of the apron are inserted into the stroba done in the chimney itself. The remaining parts are mounted with an overlap of about 15 cm. These additional elements of the roof from corrugated board, shingles, shingle, roofing, etc. can protect.
The casings are used to protect the pipes from moisture, as well as to cover partially destroyed structures. In the latter case, there is no need for redecorating the chimney.
Ventilation elements
The structural elements of the roof will last much longer when using the following parts and materials of ventilation:
- aeroelements;
- ventilation rolls;
- tiles with air channels;
- ventilation grates;
- spotlights;
- special materials with vents.
Hydro and vapor barrier films
An important material that protects the structural elements of the roof are waterproofing films. To prevent moisture from entering the roofing cake, use:
- perforated films:
- membranes;
- antioxidant films;
- hydrophilic rubber;
- coating and spraying materials;
- penetrating and injecting.
For vapor barrier, in addition to the usual plastic film, various kinds of foil materials can be used. In this case, the layer additionally plays the role of a heat reflector back to the room and is mounted with the foil out. It is mounted directly on the rafters with blocks after installing a heat insulator. Waterproofing films are usually laid under the roof from a profiled sheet or shingle. Under a flexible tile, a waterproofing carpet is more often used. It is mounted on a continuous crate. Films are attached directly to the rafters on top with a slight sag to avoid tearing during movement of the structural elements of the roof. A crate from a narrow board is stuffed on top.
Lining and valley carpets
These roof elements serve not only for additional waterproofing, but also to give strength to the coating when using flexible tiles. As a lining carpet, for example, Ikopal, KATEPAL, Ruflex and other varieties can be used.
End carpets are often also very important elements of a soft roof. They are usually made of a soft, moisture-proof material.
Thermal insulation materials
Most often, basalt wool is used to warm the roofs . It is inexpensive and at the same time very effective material. Its main advantages are considered to be a very low degree of thermal conductivity and incombustibility. However, mineral wool does not tolerate high humidity too well. This material easily absorbs moisture and at the same time loses its heat-insulating qualities. Therefore, when using it, special attention should be paid to the quality of hydro- and vapor barrier. Vapor barrier inside must be used without fail.
The second most common is such a heater as polystyrene foam. The roof trimmed with it will be even warmer than sheathed with mineral wool. Expanded polystyrene is not at all afraid of water, but the material is combustible. Using it where the mice are found is highly discouraged. The fact is that these rodents are very fond of making moves in foamy materials and arranging nests.
These heat-insulating elements of the roof covering can be used to protect both the roof covered with profiled sheets, and flexible tiles, shingles or any other.
These coating elements are used for roof sheathing. Films, skates and aprons are mandatory and always mounted. Endovas are established in case of joints. The remaining elements are mounted as needed.