The supreme legislative bodies of the Russian Federation are the Russian Parliament. The State Duma and the Federation Council constitute the Federal Assembly of Russia. According to the current Constitution, only one state institution has legislative functions. Moreover, if the State Duma can by simple majority vote pass the bill, the Federation Council is given the right to veto (reject) federal law or another legal document already approved by the lower house of Parliament. In other words, the Federation Council in its own way controls and directs legislative work in the direction necessary for the state. This is done in order to reduce the level of political disagreement as much as possible and to approve the already optimal, "quiet" version of a bill.
Formation
The highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation are representative bodies of power. However, the practice of forming the deputies of the State Duma and senators of the Council of the Federation is different. The State Duma is elected by secret ballot in the general parliamentary election. A proportional system has now taken root, offering voting for party lists. The seats are allocated in accordance with the final official voting results. The absolute winner is the political force, gaining 50% plus 1 vote. Recently, 2/3 of the Duma’s seats are controlled by United Russia.
At the same time, the Federation Council includes representatives of both regions (two from each federal subject) and delegates from the executive and judicial systems. Senators are not elected by the people, the legislative branch of the Russian Federation, in other words, is simultaneously subordinate to the people and the administrative bureaucracy.
Functioning and voting
The highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation make decisions in accordance with the rules established by legislative and regulatory norms. First, the State Duma forms factions where representatives of the victorious parties and sympathizers fall. Then, the leadership of the lower house is elected, with the responsibility to moderate the legislative process, as well as coordinate its actions with other authorities. Accepted bills are those documents in support of which 50% plus 1 deputy vote were received. By the way the voting takes place, you can immediately determine which fractions support the decision and which don’t. After that, the Federation Council takes its word, evaluating the bill in terms of both political and state expediency. If inside the Federal Assembly all positions have been previously agreed upon, the document is supported unconditionally and only then it is signed by the President.
It is fundamentally important that the highest legislative bodies of the Russian Federation do not perform the functions of implementing the adopted laws. These functions are performed by the bureaucratic and administrative apparatus. However, the State Duma has the right to form or initiate the creation of new federal structures that are provided with regulatory and controlling functions.
Regional level
The legislative body of state power of a subject of the Russian Federation usually performs the functions of approving local constitutional norms (charters), adopts the regional budget, and other regulatory acts of regional importance. Formed in general local elections. The number of deputies varies depending on the population of the republic, territory, region. Instrumentally submits to a unified system of state power.