Modern production requires improving the quality of equipment. This will make it possible to produce a wide variety of elements from any materials. Wood requires the use of a special type of milling cutter for machine tools. This ensures the quality of the finished product, its durability, and also allows you to give the product an aesthetic appearance. The milling cutter for woodworking machines, depending on the configuration, has a number of characteristics. This takes the master into account when performing material processing. More familiar with a similar tool will allow the classification of milling cutters for various group characteristics.
General concept
Regardless of the type, milling cutters for wood milling machines have a common structure. They have a shank and a working part on which the cutting edge is located. For the manufacture of these components used high alloy steel, which has increased strength.
The shape of the cutter pattern, whether it is a disk or its direct variety, is always precisely verified. Sharpening is carried out using special equipment with very little impact. This improves the functional qualities of the instrument.
It has many varieties of appearance of a mill for a woodworking machine. This makes it possible to carry out roughing and finishing workpieces in accordance with all norms and requirements. At the same time, litter of wood and its density are necessarily taken into account.
Cutter groups
There are two large groups of milling cutters for wood, which in the diameter of the shank are most often 32, 12 and 8 mm:
In the first case, they are used under a spindle with a diameter of 32 mm. These are accessories for a stationary milling cutter.
An end or finger mill of 8 mm on wood (sometimes also 12 mm) is used for the manufacture of parts both on a stationary machine and on manual equipment.
By type of construction, these parts can be welded, solid, soldered or prefabricated. And according to their functionality they are divided into disk, ring, cylindrical and end ones.
The mill can be used on milling and engraving, horizontal or vertical equipment, on CNC machines.
Tooth design
Wood milling machines can conditionally be divided according to the type of construction. They can be solid or precast. If such a piece of equipment is small, the manufacturer can make it whole. This will not significantly affect the cost of the item. But large products have a softer shaft and a very strong edge.
The advantage of a prefabricated milling cutter for a wood milling machine is the ability to choose its diameter for the size necessary for the workpiece. As the abrasion, a similar element can be replaced with new incisors.
There are only two types of tooth grinding. It can be backed and peaked. The first option is more often used. When sharpening these products do not decrease in height, which often happens when sharpening pointed teeth. This is simply unacceptable in the process.
In terms of hardness, there is a group of A series cutters for professionals and N series for home use. In the first case, the cost of such a product will be significantly higher. But the durability and functionality of a professional tool is higher. For home purposes, more than enough cheaper varieties of such elements.
Product Form
In form, several groups of woodworking tools are divided. They can be grooved, edged, combined and figured.
The first group is intended for the manufacture of various grooves. Grooved include:
- straight wood milling cutter;
- fillet;
- constructional;
- shaped.
For precise processing of the edges and ends of wood products, the master applies edge varieties. They can be straight, molding, seam, conical, curly, semi-rod.
Combined varieties contain a groove and spike part. They are used for splicing or joining parts. For thin material or for work of increased accuracy, figurative milling cutters are used. They can be horizontal and vertical.
A separate group are mounted milling cutters, which are used for cutting material carbide inserts.
Equipment for milling and engraving machine
A milling cutter for a wood type machine of the presented type can be of several varieties. It can be end, end, angular or disk. The first two varieties are used to process conventional material.
End drills have a surface that performs machining in all directions. End surfaces are suitable for flat surfaces.
Wood angle and disc milling cutter is used for hardwood. Now they have two or three sides, which prevents rapid abrasion.
If it is necessary to make a complex profile on such a machine, then shaped varieties are used. They have backed teeth, which ensures good surface cleanliness.
CNC machine
Automate the processing of material allows milling cutters for CNC wood. The participation of the operator is absolutely not required if you install an automatic nozzle changer. And this despite the fact that to produce using this method will turn out even very complex details.
The equipment is given a program that includes a description of materials, tools and actions. This equipment allows to achieve high precision workpieces. A special program calculates, based on a three-dimensional image of the part, its planar projections. This avoids calculation errors.
Moreover, a similar program can be installed on any type of machine. Milling cutters for wood CNC are selected in accordance with the type of equipment.
Vertical and horizontal machines
For vertical and horizontal machines, the features of such processing are taken into account when choosing a working tool. If the spindle and nozzle are fixed horizontally, there are certain principles for choosing equipment.
For horizontal surfaces, cylindrical cutters are used. When processing narrow, inclined planes, angular varieties should be preferred. A wood mill cuts grooves. If their shape is complex, then shaped views should be used.
When the spindle is placed vertically, the following recommendations should be followed. Surfaces need to be processed with mounted face or end mills. If their plane is inclined, angle nozzles are used.
Keyways are made using an end mill. Shaped versions of the tool are also used.
Milling Tools
All wood milling cutters, the types of which were discussed above, need constant monitoring by staff. The degree of sharpening as well as the integrity of the products should be checked regularly.
After work, the cutters are cleaned of dirt, tar and debris. They are stored in a specially designated place. If you are not supposed to use these parts for a long time, machine oil is applied to them.
It is allowed to grind high- speed steel with grinding blocks or with the help of a machine. If the nozzle has plates made of carbide materials, the sharpening of the blades should only be done on the machine. Moreover, this equipment should have a low speed.
It is allowed to process only flat parts of the working surface of the cutters. The identity of the height during the execution of such work remains a priority.
Having familiarized yourself with such a tool as a milling cutter for a woodworking machine, you can correctly select the required type for existing working conditions. The many types of products presented allows for work of the highest complexity. Finished products are obtained with the highest quality.